Holat ravishlari

Ish qanday bajarilishini aytish uchun: quickly, carefully, well. A2

Holat ravishi qanday? savoliga javob beradi va feʼlni tasvirlaydi: She speaks English well. Drive carefully!

Koʻpincha sifatga -ly qoʻshiladi: quick → quickly, slow → slowly, careful → carefully. Sifat otni tasvirlaydi (a careful driver), ravish esa feʼlni (he drives carefully).

Muhim istisnolar: good → well; fast, hard, early, late oʻzgarmaydi. Ravish odatda feʼldan keyin keladi, toʻldiruvchi boʻlsa — undan keyin: She did the test quickly.

Shakllar

Asosiy qoida

adjective + -ly
quick → quickly, slow → slowly, careful → carefully

Please read the question carefully.

Imlo

-y → -ily: easy → easily, happy → happily
-le → -ly: gentle → gently, terrible → terribly

He passed the test easily.

Istisnolar

good → well
fast → fast, hard → hard, early → early, late → late

Aziz plays the piano very well.

Soʻz tartibi

subject + verb + (object) + adverb

She opened the door slowly.

Qachon ishlatiladi

Kimdir ishni qanday bajarishi

The children are playing quietly. — Bolalar jimgina oʻynayapti.
My grandmother speaks slowly. — Buvim sekin gapiradi.

Sifat yoki ravish? Sifat — ot bilan va be, look, feel, smell, taste feʼllaridan keyin; ravish — harakat feʼllari bilan

She is a careful driver. She drives carefully. — U ehtiyotkor haydovchi. U ehtiyot boʻlib haydaydi.
The plov smells good. — Palovning hidi zoʻr.

-ly olmaydigan ravishlar: well, hard, fast, early, late

I studied hard for the exam. — Imtihonga astoydil tayyorlandim.
Our team played well yesterday. — Kecha jamoamiz yaxshi oʻynadi.

Oʻzbek tili bilan farqi

Oʻzbek tilida koʻpincha sifat va ravish bir xil: «tez mashina» va «tez yuguradi», «yaxshi oʻquvchi» va «yaxshi oʻqiydi». Baʼzan «-cha» yoki «… bilan» qoʻshiladi: ehtiyotkorlik bilan. Shuning uchun inglizchada ham sifat ishlatib yuboriladi: He speaks English good ✗ → well. Ingliz tilida feʼlni tasvirlash uchun odatda alohida shakl (-ly) kerak. Soʻz tartibi ham farq qiladi: oʻzbekchada ravish feʼldan oldin keladi («sekin gapiradi»), inglizchada feʼldan keyin va toʻldiruvchidan ham keyin: She speaks English well.

Eslatmalar

hardly hard emas: hardly = deyarli … emas. I hardly slept = deyarli uxlamadim. lately = soʻnggi paytlarda, late emas.
Baʼzi -ly bilan tugagan soʻzlar sifat: friendly, lovely, lonely. Ravish uchun: in a friendly way.
Ravish feʼl bilan toʻldiruvchi orasiga qoʻyilmaydi: She speaks English well (She speaks well English emas).

Keng tarqalgan xatolar

✗ He speaks English very good. ✓ He speaks English very well.
Feʼlni tasvirlash uchun ravish kerak: good emas, well.
✗ She speaks very well English. ✓ She speaks English very well.
Ravish toʻldiruvchidan keyin keladi.
✗ Drive careful! ✓ Drive carefully!
drive — harakat feʼli, unga ravish kerak.
✗ I worked hardly yesterday. ✓ I worked hard yesterday.
«hard»ning ravishi ham hard; hardly «deyarli … emas» degani.

Mini test

1. Please speak ___. The baby is sleeping. quiet / quietly / quieter

Javob: quietly. speak feʼlini ravish tasvirlaydi: quietly.

2. My brother plays chess very ___. well / good / goodly

Javob: well. «good»ning ravishi — well.

3. He finished the test ___. quick / quicker / quickly

Javob: quickly. Ish qanday bajarilgani — ravish: quickly.

4. She sings ___. beautiful / beautifully / beautifuly

Javob: beautifully. beautiful + ly = beautifully, ikkita l bilan.

5. The soup smells ___. good / nicely / well

Javob: good. «smell»dan keyin sifat keladi: smells good.

По-русски: Наречия образа действия

Чтобы сказать, как выполняется действие: quickly, carefully, well.

Наречие образа действия отвечает на вопрос как? и описывает глагол: She speaks English well. Drive carefully!

Чаще всего к прилагательному добавляется -ly: quick → quickly, slow → slowly, careful → carefully. Прилагательное описывает существительное (a careful driver), наречие — глагол (he drives carefully).

Важные исключения: good → well; fast, hard, early, late не меняются. Наречие обычно стоит после глагола, а если есть дополнение — после него: She did the test quickly.

Сравнение с русским и узбекским

В русском наречие тоже отличается от прилагательного: быстрый → быстро, хороший → хорошо, и это похоже на quick → quickly. Но в русском наречие обычно стоит перед глаголом («хорошо говорит»), а в английском — после глагола и дополнения: She speaks English well, а не She speaks well English и не She well speaks English. Частая ошибка — good вместо well: «он хорошо играет» — He plays well. Помните и про формы без -ly: fast, hard (усердно); hardly значит «едва», а не «усердно».

Bogʻliq mavzular

Ingliz tilini Safiya bilan oʻrganing

Qisqa darslar, 12 ta oʻyin, hikoyalar va oʻzbek yoki rus tilida tushuntiradigan sunʼiy intellekt oʻqituvchisi — A1 dan IELTS gacha. Учите английский с Сафией — на узбекском или русском.

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