Safiya
Could va was able to: oʻtmishdagi qobiliyat
Oʻtmishda nimani qila olganingiz yoki qila olmaganingiz haqida gapirish uchun. A2
Could — can feʼlining oʻtgan zamon shakli. U oʻtmishdagi umumiy qobiliyat haqida gapiradi, yaʼni oʻsha paytda nimani qila olardingiz: I could swim when I was five — «Besh yoshimda suza olardim».
Agar gap bitta aniq vaziyatda biror narsani (koʻpincha qiyinchilik bilan) uddalaganingiz haqida boʻlsa, was / were able to ishlatiladi: The test was hard, but I was able to finish it. Bu yerda could deyilmaydi.
Inkor gapda esa ikkalasi ham toʻgʻri: I couldn't open the door = I wasn't able to open the door. Could va was able to shakllaridan keyin feʼl doim lugʻat shaklida keladi: could swim, was able to finish.
Shakllar
subject + could + verb
I / he / she / it + was able to + verb
you / we / they + were able to + verbMy grandfather could speak three languages.
subject + couldn't (could not) + verb
subject + wasn't / weren't able to + verbI couldn't find my phone this morning.
Could + subject + verb?
Was / Were + subject + able to + verb?
Yes, I could. / No, I couldn't.Could you read when you were four?
Qachon ishlatiladi
Oʻtmishdagi umumiy qobiliyat — could
- When I was six, I could ride a bike. — Olti yoshimda velosiped hayday olardim.
- My grandmother could cook amazing plov. — Buvim ajoyib palov pishira olardi.
Bitta aniq vaziyatda uddalash — was / were able to
- The traffic was terrible, but we were able to catch the train. — Tirbandlik dahshatli edi, lekin biz poyezdga ulgura oldik.
- The box was heavy, but my dad was able to carry it upstairs. — Quti ogʻir edi, lekin dadam uni yuqoriga koʻtarib chiqa oldi.
Inkor gapda couldn't ham, wasn't able to ham toʻgʻri
- I couldn't sleep last night because of the noise. — Shovqin tufayli kecha kechasi uxlay olmadim.
- We weren't able to watch the match — the tickets were sold out. — Biz oʻyinni koʻra olmadik — chiptalar sotilib ketgan edi.
see, hear, smell, understand bilan bitta vaziyatda ham could ishlatiladi
- I could hear music from the next room. — Qoʻshni xonadan musiqani eshitib turardim.
- We could see the mountains from our hotel. — Mehmonxonamizdan togʻlarni koʻra olardik.
Oʻzbek tili bilan farqi
Oʻzbek tilida qobiliyat «-a olmoq» bilan aytiladi va bu ingliz tiliga juda mos keladi: «suza olardim» (umuman qila olardim) — could, «uddaladim, qila oldim» (bir marta, aniq vaziyatda) — was able to. Shuning uchun «oldim» deb aytmoqchi boʻlsangiz, could emas, was able to tanlang. Yana bir xato: was able to, have to, want to kabi birikmalarga oʻxshatib, «could»dan keyin ham to qoʻyiladi («could to swim»). Lekin «could»dan keyin to boʻlmaydi: I could swim.
Eslatmalar
- can feʼlining kelasi zamon va boshqa shakllari yoʻq, shuning uchun be able to ishlatiladi: I will be able to help you tomorrow. «will can» deyilmaydi.
- was able to oʻrniga managed to ham deyish mumkin: We managed to catch the train.
- Could you…? — bu oʻtgan zamon emas, balki muloyim iltimos: Could you open the window, please?
Keng tarqalgan xatolar
- ✗ The exam was difficult, but I could pass it. ✓ The exam was difficult, but I was able to pass it.
Bitta aniq vaziyatda uddalash — was able to, could emas. - ✗ When I was five, I could to swim. ✓ When I was five, I could swim.
«could»dan keyin to qoʻyilmaydi. - ✗ I can't come to your party yesterday. ✓ I couldn't come to your party yesterday.
Oʻtgan zamon — couldn't. - ✗ I will can help you tomorrow. ✓ I will be able to help you tomorrow.
«can»ning kelasi zamoni yoʻq — will be able to ishlatiladi.
Mini test
1. When I was ten, I ___ play the piano. could / can / could to
Javob: could. Oʻtmishdagi umumiy qobiliyat — could + feʼl, «to»siz.
2. The door was locked, but we ___ get in through the window. could / were able to / can
Javob: were able to. Bitta aniq vaziyatda uddalash — were able to.
3. Sorry, I ___ answer your call yesterday — my phone was off. couldn't / can't / wasn't able
Javob: couldn't. Oʻtgan zamon inkori — couldn't; wasn't able iborasidan keyin to kerak edi.
4. My sister ___ able to find a good job last year. were / could / was
Javob: was. My sister = she, shuning uchun was able to.
5. I hope I ___ come to your birthday party next week. will can / will be able to / could to
Javob: will be able to. Kelasi zamonda can oʻrniga will be able to ishlatiladi.
По-русски: Could и was able to: умение в прошлом
Чтобы сказать, что вы умели или смогли (или не смогли) сделать в прошлом.
Could — прошедшая форма глагола can. Она говорит об общем умении в прошлом, то есть о том, что вы вообще могли делать в то время: I could swim when I was five — «В пять лет я умел плавать».
Если речь об одной конкретной ситуации, где вы сумели что-то сделать (часто с трудом), используется was / were able to: The test was hard, but I was able to finish it. Здесь could не говорят.
В отрицании подходят оба варианта: I couldn't open the door = I wasn't able to open the door. После could и was able to глагол всегда стоит в начальной форме: could swim, was able to finish.
Сравнение с русским и узбекским
В русском разницу помогает увидеть вид глагола: «умел, мог» (несовершенный вид, общая способность) — это could, а «смог, сумел» (совершенный вид, один результат) — это was able to или managed to. Типичная ошибка — переводить «смог сдать экзамен» как «I could pass the exam»: по-английски нужно I was able to pass. В отрицании проще: «не смог» = couldn't или wasn't able to. И помните: «смогу» — это will be able to, а не «will can».
Bogʻliq mavzular
Qisqa darslar, 12 ta oʻyin, hikoyalar va oʻzbek yoki rus tilida tushuntiradigan sunʼiy intellekt oʻqituvchisi — A1 dan IELTS gacha. Учите английский с Сафией — на узбекском или русском.