Safiya
Kelasi tugallangan zamon
Kelajakdagi maʼlum bir paytgacha tugagan boʻladigan ish haqida gapirish uchun. B2
Future Perfect bilan biz kelajakdagi bir nuqtaga borib, orqaga qaraymiz: oʻsha paytga kelib ish allaqachon tugagan boʻladi. By the end of June I will have finished school. — «Iyun oxirigacha maktabni tugatgan boʻlaman».
Tuzilishi: will have + V3 (feʼlning uchinchi shakli). Bu zamon deyarli har doim by bilan keladi: by Friday, by 2030, by then, by the time you arrive. By — «eng kechi bilan shu paytgacha» degani.
Agar kelajakdagi paytgacha harakat qancha vaqt davom etgan boʻlishini aytmoqchi boʻlsangiz, Future Perfect Continuous ishlatiladi: will have been + -ing. By June I will have been learning English for five years.
Shakllar
subject + will ('ll) have + past participle (V3)By Friday I'll have finished my project.
subject + will not (won't) have + past participle (V3)Don't worry — the film won't have started by the time we get there.
Will + subject + have + past participle (V3)?
Yes, I will. / No, I won't.Will you have done your homework by eight?
Qachon ishlatiladi
Kelajakdagi paytgacha tugagan boʻladigan ish
- By 2030 they will have built a new metro line in Tashkent. — 2030-yilgacha ular Toshkentda yangi metro liniyasini qurib boʻlishadi.
- By the time you wake up, I'll have left for the airport. — Sen uygʻonguningcha men aeroportga joʻnab ketgan boʻlaman.
Kelajakdagi paytgacha toʻplanadigan miqdor yoki natija
- By Sunday she'll have watched every episode of the series. — Yakshanbagacha u serialning hamma qismlarini koʻrib boʻladi.
- Next month my parents will have been married for twenty years. — Kelasi oy ota-onam turmush qurganiga yigirma yil boʻladi.
Kelajakdagi paytgacha davomiylik: will have been + -ing
- By June I'll have been learning English for five years. — Iyunga kelib ingliz tilini oʻrganayotganimga besh yil boʻladi.
- In ten minutes we'll have been waiting for an hour! — Yana oʻn daqiqadan keyin kutayotganimizga bir soat boʻladi!
Oʻzbek tili bilan farqi
Oʻzbek tilida yaqin shakl bor: «Jumagacha tugatgan boʻlaman». Lekin ikki muammo bor. Birinchisi, nutqda koʻpincha oddiy «tugataman» deyiladi va oʻquvchilar By Friday I will finish deydi. Ikkinchisi, «-gacha» ham by, ham until maʼnosini beradi, shuning uchun until Friday I will have finished kabi xato chiqadi. Tugash boʻlsa — by.
Eslatmalar
- by va until farqi: by — «eng kechi bilan shu paytgacha» (tugash), until — «shu paytgacha davom etib»: I will have finished by six. I will be working until six.
- when, by the time, before, as soon as soʻzlaridan keyin will have ishlatilmaydi, Present Perfect yoki Present Simple keladi: Call me when you have finished.
- IELTS Speaking boʻlimida kelajak haqidagi savollarga javobni boyitadi: By the time I am 25, I will have graduated from university.
Keng tarqalgan xatolar
- ✗ I will have finish the essay by Monday. ✓ I will have finished the essay by Monday.
will have birikmasidan keyin feʼlning uchinchi shakli (V3) keladi. - ✗ I will have finished the essay until Monday. ✓ I will have finished the essay by Monday.
Tugash muddati uchun by ishlatiladi, until emas. - ✗ Call me when you will have finished. ✓ Call me when you have finished.
when soʻzidan keyin will ishlatilmaydi — Present Perfect kerak. - ✗ By next June I will finish school. ✓ By next June I will have finished school.
by + kelajakdagi payt: ish oʻshangacha tugagan boʻladi — will have + V3.
Mini test
1. By the time we get to the cinema, the film ___. will start / will have started / has started
Javob: will have started. Biz yetib borgunimizcha film allaqachon boshlangan boʻladi — will have started.
2. I'll have finished this project ___ Friday. by / until / since
Javob: by. Tugash muddati — by Friday.
3. By the end of the summer, Jasur ___ all the Harry Potter books. has read / will have reading / will have read
Javob: will have read. will have + V3: read — read — read.
4. Don't phone at midnight. I ___ to bed by then. will have gone / will go / have gone
Javob: will have gone. by then — oʻsha paytgacha uxlagani ketgan boʻladi: will have gone.
5. By June I ___ English for six years. will learning / will have been learning / have been learning
Javob: will have been learning. Kelajakdagi paytgacha davomiylik — will have been + -ing.
По-русски: Будущее совершенное время
Для действия, которое будет завершено к определённому моменту в будущем.
С Future Perfect мы как бы переносимся в момент в будущем и оглядываемся назад: к этому моменту действие уже будет завершено. By the end of June I'll have finished school. — «К концу июня я окончу школу».
Строится так: will have + V3 (третья форма глагола, причастие прошедшего времени). Это время почти всегда идёт с by: by Friday, by 2030, by then, by the time you arrive. By значит «к, не позже чем».
Если нужно сказать, сколько времени действие будет длиться к моменту в будущем, используется Future Perfect Continuous: will have been + -ing. By June I'll have been learning English for five years.
Сравнение с русским и узбекским
В русском завершённость передаёт совершенный вид: «К пятнице я закончу проект». Поэтому ученики говорят By Friday I will finish. В английском завершённость к моменту в будущем показывает will have + V3. Вторая ловушка — предлоги: «к пятнице» → by Friday, а «до пятницы» может значить и by, и until. Если речь о завершении — by, если о длительности — until.
Bogʻliq mavzular
- Kelasi davomiy zamon B2
- Hozirgi tugallangan zamon: just, already, yet A2
- Kelasi oddiy zamon (will) A2
- Kelajak haqidagi payt ergash gaplari B1
- Oʻtgan tugallangan zamon B1
Qisqa darslar, 12 ta oʻyin, hikoyalar va oʻzbek yoki rus tilida tushuntiradigan sunʼiy intellekt oʻqituvchisi — A1 dan IELTS gacha. Учите английский с Сафией — на узбекском или русском.