Safiya
Kelajak haqidagi payt ergash gaplari
when, as soon as, until, before, after soʻzlaridan keyin kelajak haqida gapirganda will emas, Present Simple ishlatiladi. B1
«Uyga kelganimda qoʻngʻiroq qilaman» — bu gapda ikki qism bor: asosiy qism (qoʻngʻiroq qilaman) va payt qismi (uyga kelganimda). Ikkalasi ham kelajak haqida.
Ingliz tilida asosiy qismda will, going to yoki buyruq ishlatiladi. Lekin when, as soon as, until, before, after, once, while soʻzlaridan keyingi payt qismida kelajak boʻlsa ham Present Simple keladi: I'll call you when I get home. «when I will get» — xato.
Agar birinchi ish tugashini taʼkidlamoqchi boʻlsangiz, payt qismida Present Perfect ishlating: I'll give you the book when I've finished it.
Payt qismi gap boshida kelsa, undan keyin vergul qoʻyiladi: As soon as the lesson finishes, we'll play football.
Shakllar
will / going to / imperative + when / as soon as / before / after / until + present simpleI'll call you when I get home.
When / As soon as / Before … + present simple, + will / going to / imperativeAs soon as the lesson finishes, we're going to play football.
when / after / as soon as + present perfectYou can go out after you've done your homework.
Qachon ishlatiladi
when va as soon as — bir ish boʻlganda yoki boʻlishi bilanoq
- I'll text you as soon as I arrive in Tashkent. — Toshkentga yetib borishim bilan senga yozaman.
- When you see Dilnoza, tell her about the party. — Dilnozani koʻrganingda, unga bayram haqida aytib qoʻy.
before va after — oldin yoki keyin
- Brush your teeth before you go to bed. — Uxlashdan oldin tishingni yuv.
- We'll have plov after the guests arrive. — Mehmonlar kelgandan keyin osh yeymiz.
until — biror ish boʻlgunicha
- Wait here until I come back. — Men qaytib kelgunimcha shu yerda kut.
- I won't go out until the rain stops. — Yomgʻir toʻxtamaguncha tashqariga chiqmayman.
Present Perfect — birinchi ish tugashini taʼkidlash uchun
- I'll give you the book when I've read it. — Kitobni oʻqib boʻlganimdan keyin senga beraman.
Oʻzbek tili bilan farqi
Oʻzbek tilida payt qismi feʼl qoʻshimchalari bilan beriladi: «kelganimda» (when), «kelishim bilan» (as soon as), «kelgunimcha» (until), «ketishdan oldin» (before), «kelgandan keyin» (after). Bu shakllarda zamon koʻrinmaydi, shuning uchun oʻquvchilar maʼno kelajak boʻlgani uchun ikkala qismga ham will qoʻyib yuborishadi. Yana bir tuzoq: «Men kelmagunimcha ketma» — oʻzbekchada inkor bor, inglizchada esa «until»dan keyin inkor kerak emas: Don't leave until I come.
Eslatmalar
- when va if farqi: when — ish albatta boʻladi (When I finish school, …), if — boʻlishi ham, boʻlmasligi ham mumkin (If I pass the exam, …).
- until soʻzidan keyin feʼl tasdiq shaklida keladi: until I come back, «until I don't come back» emas.
- Xuddi shu qoida once, while, by the time uchun ham ishlaydi: I'll be ready by the time you arrive.
Keng tarqalgan xatolar
- ✗ I'll call you when I will get home. ✓ I'll call you when I get home.
«when»dan keyin kelajak maʼnosida ham Present Simple keladi. - ✗ Wait here until I don't come back. ✓ Wait here until I come back.
«until»ning oʻzi «…guncha» maʼnosini beradi, inkor kerak emas. - ✗ As soon as I will finish school, I go to university. ✓ As soon as I finish school, I'll go to university.
Payt qismida Present Simple, asosiy qismda will. - ✗ If I grow up, I'll be a doctor. ✓ When I grow up, I'll be a doctor.
Katta boʻlish albatta sodir boʻladi, shuning uchun when.
Mini test
1. I'll tell you everything when I ___ you tomorrow. will see / see / saw
Javob: see. «when»dan keyin kelajak maʼnosida Present Simple: see.
2. Let's stay inside until the rain ___. stops / will stop / doesn't stop
Javob: stops. «until»dan keyin Present Simple va inkorsiz: stops.
3. As soon as she ___ her results, she'll call her mum. will get / is going to get / gets
Javob: gets. as soon as birikmasidan keyin will yoki going to emas, Present Simple keladi.
4. Don't forget to lock the door before you ___. leaving / will leave / leave
Javob: leave. before you qismidan keyin Present Simple: leave.
5. Don't worry, I ___ you the book tomorrow when I've finished it. give / will give / gave
Javob: will give. Asosiy qism kelajak haqida, shuning uchun will give.
По-русски: Придаточные времени о будущем
После when, as soon as, until, before, after о будущем говорят в Present Simple, а не с will.
«Я позвоню, когда приду домой» — здесь две части: главная (позвоню) и придаточное времени (когда приду домой). Обе говорят о будущем.
В английском в главной части используют will, going to или повелительное наклонение. Но в придаточном после when, as soon as, until, before, after, once, while даже о будущем говорят в Present Simple: I'll call you when I get home. «when I will get» — ошибка.
Если нужно подчеркнуть, что первое действие закончится, в придаточном используют Present Perfect: I'll give you the book when I've finished it.
Если придаточное стоит в начале, после него ставится запятая: As soon as the lesson finishes, we'll play football.
Сравнение с русским и узбекским
В русском в обеих частях стоит будущее время: «Я позвоню, когда приду домой». Отсюда самая частая ошибка — «when I will come». Запомните: в придаточном времени will нет, только Present Simple (или Present Perfect вместо русского совершенного вида: «когда дочитаю» = when I've read it). Вторая ловушка — «пока не вернусь»: в русском есть «не», а в английском после until отрицание не нужно: until I come back.
Bogʻliq mavzular
- Birinchi tur shart gaplar B1
- Kelasi oddiy zamon (will) A2
- Hozirgi tugallangan zamon: just, already, yet A2
- Shart bogʻlovchilari: unless, as long as, provided that, in case B2
- Ketma-ketlik soʻzlari A2
Qisqa darslar, 12 ta oʻyin, hikoyalar va oʻzbek yoki rus tilida tushuntiradigan sunʼiy intellekt oʻqituvchisi — A1 dan IELTS gacha. Учите английский с Сафией — на узбекском или русском.