Oʻtgan tugallangan davomiy zamon

Oʻtmishdagi bir paytgacha maʼlum vaqt davom etib kelgan harakat haqida gapirish uchun. B2

Past Perfect Continuous oʻtmishdagi bir nuqtagacha davom etib kelgan harakatni bildiradi. U «oʻsha paytgacha qancha vaqtdan beri» degan savolga javob beradi: I had been waiting for an hour when the bus finally came. — «Avtobus nihoyat kelganda, men bir soatdan beri kutayotgan edim».

Koʻpincha u oʻtmishdagi holatning sababini tushuntiradi: She was tired because she had been running. Yugurish allaqachon tugagan, lekin uning natijasi (charchoq) oʻsha paytda koʻrinib turibdi.

Tuzilishi hamma shaxslar uchun bir xil: had been + feʼl + -ing. Soʻzlashuvda had qisqaradi: I'd been, she'd been, they'd been.

Shakllar

Tasdiq gap

subject + had been + verb-ing
I'd / she'd / they'd been + verb-ing

We had been walking for three hours when it started to rain.

Inkor gap

subject + had not (hadn't) been + verb-ing

He hadn't been sleeping well, so he looked tired at school.

Soʻroq gap

Had + subject + been + verb-ing?
How long had + subject + been + verb-ing?
Yes, I had. / No, I hadn't.

How long had you been learning English before you took the IELTS exam?

Qachon ishlatiladi

Oʻtmishdagi bir paytgacha qancha vaqt davom etgani (for, since, how long)

I had been waiting for forty minutes when Aziz finally called. — Aziz nihoyat qoʻngʻiroq qilganda, men qirq daqiqadan beri kutayotgan edim.
They had been living in Samarkand for ten years before they moved to Tashkent. — Ular Toshkentga koʻchishdan oldin Samarqandda oʻn yil yashagan edilar.

Oʻtmishdagi natija yoki izning sababi — ilgari davom etgan harakat

The ground was wet. It had been raining all night. — Yer hoʻl edi. Tun boʻyi yomgʻir yoqqan edi.
The boys were dirty because they had been playing football in the yard. — Bolalar iflos edi, chunki ular hovlida futbol oʻynagan edilar.

Continuous — jarayon va davomiylik, Simple — tugagan natija yoki miqdor

She had been writing her essay all morning, but she hadn't finished it. — U ertalabdan beri inshosini yozayotgan edi, lekin hali tugatmagan edi.
By lunchtime she had written two essays. — Tushlikkacha u ikkita insho yozib boʻlgan edi.

Oʻzbek tili bilan farqi

Oʻzbek tilida bu maʼno «-ayotgan edi» va «-dan beri» bilan beriladi: «Bir soatdan beri kutayotgan edim». Shu sabab oʻquvchilar Past Continuous ishlatadi: I was waiting for an hour when he came. Ingliz tilida esa harakat oʻtmishdagi boshqa paytgacha davom etib kelgan boʻlsa va qancha vaqt ekani aytilsa, had been + -ing kerak. «Bir soatdan beri» → for an hour, «ertalabdan beri» → since the morning.

Eslatmalar

Holat feʼllari (know, like, believe, own) continuous shaklda kelmaydi, ular bilan Past Perfect ishlatiladi: She had known him for years (had been knowing emas).
Present Perfect Continuous bilan bir xil gʻoya, faqat oʻlchov nuqtasi hozir emas, oʻtmishda: I have been waiting for an hour (hozirgacha) — I had been waiting for an hour (oʻsha paytgacha).
Davomiylikni koʻrsatish shart boʻlmasa, oddiy Past Simple yoki Past Continuous yetarli — bu zamonni har bir gapga qoʻshavermang.
IELTS Speaking Part 2 qismida oʻtmishdagi voqeani aytib berganda bu zamon nutqni boyitadi: I had been preparing for months, so I felt quite confident.

Keng tarqalgan xatolar

✗ I was waiting for two hours when he arrived. ✓ I had been waiting for two hours when he arrived.
Harakat boshqa oʻtmish paytigacha davom etgan va muddati aytilgan — had been + -ing.
✗ I was tired because I have been working all day. ✓ I was tired because I had been working all day.
Hikoya oʻtmishda, shuning uchun have emas, had.
✗ She had been knowing him since school. ✓ She had known him since school.
know — holat feʼli, continuous shaklda ishlatilmaydi.
✗ They had being working all day. ✓ They had been working all day.
had soʻzidan keyin har doim been keladi, being emas.

Mini test

1. When I arrived, Dilnoza ___ for me for half an hour. had been waiting / was waiting / has been waiting

Javob: had been waiting. Kutish men kelgan paytgacha yarim soat davom etgan — had been waiting.

2. His clothes were dirty because he ___ in the garden. has been working / is working / had been working

Javob: had been working. Oʻtmishdagi natija (iflos kiyim) avvalgi uzoq ishning izi — had been working.

3. By the time they finished school, the two girls ___ each other for eleven years. had been knowing / had known / were knowing

Javob: had known. know holat feʼli, shuning uchun continuous emas, had known.

4. How long ___ English before you took the IELTS exam? had you been studying / have you been studying / had you being studying

Javob: had you been studying. Imtihon oʻtmishda, undan oldingi davomiylik — had you been studying.

5. By the time the teacher came back, we ___ for twenty minutes. have been talking / were talking / had been talking

Javob: had been talking. By the time + oʻtmish paytigacha davomiylik — had been talking.

По-русски: Прошедшее совершенное длительное время

Для действия, которое длилось какое-то время до определённого момента в прошлом.

Past Perfect Continuous обозначает действие, которое длилось вплоть до определённого момента в прошлом. Оно отвечает на вопрос «сколько времени к тому моменту»: I had been waiting for an hour when the bus finally came. — «Когда автобус наконец пришёл, я ждал уже час».

Часто это время объясняет причину того, что мы видели в прошлом: She was tired because she had been running. Бег уже закончился, но его результат (усталость) был заметен в тот момент.

Строится одинаково для всех лиц: had been + глагол + -ing. В разговоре had сокращается: I'd been, she'd been, they'd been.

Сравнение с русским и узбекским

В русском нет такого времени: «Я ждал уже час, когда пришёл автобус» — обычное прошедшее несовершенного вида плюс «уже». Поэтому говорят I waited / I was waiting for an hour when… В английском, если действие длилось вплоть до другого момента в прошлом и названа длительность, нужно had been + -ing. «Уже» здесь не переводится как already — его смысл передаёт само время.

Bogʻliq mavzular

Ingliz tilini Safiya bilan oʻrganing

Qisqa darslar, 12 ta oʻyin, hikoyalar va oʻzbek yoki rus tilida tushuntiradigan sunʼiy intellekt oʻqituvchisi — A1 dan IELTS gacha. Учите английский с Сафией — на узбекском или русском.

Bepul boshlash Ilovani yuklab olish