Holat va harakat feʼllari

Qaysi feʼllar continuous shaklda kelmasligini va qaysilarining maʼnosi shaklga qarab oʻzgarishini bilish uchun. B2

Harakat feʼllari (play, run, write, cook) boshlanadigan, davom etadigan va tugaydigan ishni bildiradi. Ular continuous shaklda bemalol keladi: I am writing an email.

Holat feʼllari esa harakat emas, balki holatni bildiradi: fikr va bilim (know, believe, understand, remember), his-tuygʻu (like, love, hate, want, prefer), egalik (own, belong), boshqalar (seem, mean, need). Ular odatda continuous shaklda ishlatilmaydi, hatto hozir haqida gapirganda ham: I know the answer, She wants a new phone.

Baʼzi feʼllar ikki maʼnoga ega: think, have, see, taste, smell, look, be. Holat maʼnosida — simple, harakat maʼnosida — continuous: I think it is a good idea (fikrim shu) — I am thinking about the problem (oʻylab oʻtiribman). We have a dog (egalik) — We are having lunch (ovqatlanyapmiz).

Shakllar

Holat maʼnosi: simple

subject + state verb (simple form)
know, believe, want, need, belong, own, seem, prefer

I know what you mean.

Harakat maʼnosi: continuous

subject + be + verb-ing
think about, have lunch, see (= meet), taste (= try)

I'm thinking about my plans for the summer.

Bir feʼl, ikki maʼno

I think… (opinion) / I'm thinking… (process)
I have… (own) / I'm having… (eat, take, do)

She has a car, but she's having driving lessons.

Qachon ishlatiladi

Fikr, his, egalik va sezgi feʼllari hozir haqida ham simple shaklda

Sorry, I don't understand this question. — Kechirasiz, bu savolni tushunmayapman.
This bag belongs to my sister. — Bu sumka opamniki.
Do you remember her name? — Uning ismi esingdami?

think va have: holat — simple, harakat — continuous

I think this film is boring, but my brother is thinking of watching it again. — Menimcha bu film zerikarli, lekin akam uni yana koʻrishni oʻylab yuribdi.
We have two cats. — Bizning ikkita mushugimiz bor.
We're having a party on Saturday. — Shanba kuni biz bazm qilyapmiz.

taste, smell, look, be: holat yoki sifat — simple, ataylab qilingan harakat yoki vaqtinchalik xulq — continuous

This soup tastes amazing. — Bu shoʻrvaning taʼmi zoʻr.
The chef is tasting the soup to check the salt. — Oshpaz tuzini tekshirish uchun shoʻrvani tatib koʻryapti.
Ali is being very rude today. — Ali bugun juda qoʻpol muomala qilyapti.

Oʻzbek tili bilan farqi

Oʻzbek tilida bunday cheklov yoʻq: «tushunyapman», «yoqyapti», «eshityapman», «xohlayapman» — hammasi odatiy. Shuning uchun «Tushunyapman» soʻzma-soʻz I am understanding, «Menga yoqyapti» esa I am liking it deb tarjima qilinadi. Ingliz tilida holat feʼllari simple shaklda qoladi: I understand, I like it, I want. -yap- qoʻshimchasini koʻrib darhol -ing qoʻyavermang — avval feʼl harakatmi yoki holatmi, oʻylang.

Eslatmalar

Qoida hamma continuous zamonlarga tegishli: I have known him for years (have been knowing emas), I will know tomorrow (will be knowing emas).
Norasmiy nutqda love va like baʼzan continuous shaklda kuchli vaqtinchalik hisni bildiradi: I am loving this weather! Lekin imtihonda simple ishlating.
feel, hurt, ache ikkala shaklda ham boʻladi, maʼno deyarli bir xil: My head hurts. = My head is hurting.
hope va wonder continuous shaklda muloyimroq eshitiladi — IELTS General xatlari va Speaking uchun foydali: I was wondering if you could help me.

Keng tarqalgan xatolar

✗ I'm knowing the answer. ✓ I know the answer.
know — holat feʼli, continuous shaklda kelmaydi.
✗ I'm thinking that this is a good idea. ✓ I think this is a good idea.
Fikr bildirish (menimcha) — holat maʼnosi, shuning uchun I think.
✗ We can't talk now, we have lunch. ✓ We can't talk now, we're having lunch.
have lunch — harakat (ovqatlanish), hozir boʻlyapti — continuous.
✗ I have been knowing her for three years. ✓ I have known her for three years.
Holat feʼllari bilan Present Perfect Continuous emas, Present Perfect ishlatiladi.

Mini test

1. Be quiet, please. I ___ about the answer. think / am thinking / thinks

Javob: am thinking. think about — oʻylash jarayoni, hozir boʻlyapti: am thinking.

2. This laptop ___ to my brother. belongs / is belonging / belong

Javob: belongs. belong — egalik, holat feʼli: belongs.

3. We can't talk right now — we ___ dinner. have / has / are having

Javob: are having. have dinner — harakat, hozir davom etyapti: are having.

4. I ___ Sardor since we were in primary school. have known / have been knowing / know

Javob: have known. since — Present Perfect, know holat feʼli boʻlgani uchun continuous emas: have known.

5. Mmm, this plov ___ delicious! is tasting / tastes / taste

Javob: tastes. Taʼm sifati — holat maʼnosi: tastes.

По-русски: Глаголы состояния и действия

Чтобы знать, какие глаголы не ставятся в Continuous, а какие меняют значение в зависимости от формы.

Глаголы действия (play, run, write, cook) обозначают то, что начинается, длится и заканчивается. Они спокойно употребляются в Continuous: I'm writing an email.

Глаголы состояния обозначают не действие, а состояние: мысли и знания (know, believe, understand, remember), чувства (like, love, hate, want, prefer), принадлежность (own, belong), другое (seem, mean, need). Обычно они не употребляются в Continuous, даже когда речь идёт о «сейчас»: I know the answer, She wants a new phone.

У некоторых глаголов два значения: think, have, see, taste, smell, look, be. В значении состояния — Simple, в значении действия — Continuous: I think it's a good idea (я так считаю) — I'm thinking about the problem (я обдумываю). We have a dog (у нас есть) — We're having lunch (мы обедаем).

Сравнение с русским и узбекским

В русском одна форма «я думаю» значит и «считаю», и «обдумываю», а «я понимаю» — и состояние, и процесс. Ученики, выучив Present Continuous для «сейчас», ставят его и к глаголам состояния: Now I'm understanding. Подсказка: «считаю, мне кажется» → I think; «думаю о…, размышляю» → I'm thinking about; «у меня есть» → I have; «обедаю, принимаю душ» → I'm having lunch, I'm having a shower.

Bogʻliq mavzular

Ingliz tilini Safiya bilan oʻrganing

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