Oʻtgan oddiy va oʻtgan davomli zamon

Uzun harakat va uning oʻrtasida sodir boʻlgan qisqa voqea haqida gapirish uchun: when va while. A2

Oʻtmish haqida hikoya qilganda koʻpincha ikki zamon birga keladi. Past Continuous — uzun harakat, fon: I was walking home. Past Simple — qisqa voqea, u uzun harakat oʻrtasida sodir boʻladi: it started to rain. Birga: I was walking home when it started to rain.

when odatda qisqa voqea oldidan keladi (when + Past Simple), while esa uzun harakat oldidan (while + Past Continuous): While I was walking home, I met Aziz.

Agar ikki harakat ketma-ket boʻlsa — biri tugab, keyin ikkinchisi boshlansa — ikkalasi ham Past Simple boʻladi: When the teacher came in, we stood up.

Shakllar

Uzun harakat + when

subject + was / were + verb-ing + when + Past Simple

I was having a shower when the phone rang.

While + uzun harakat

While + subject + was / were + verb-ing, + Past Simple

While we were having lunch, it started to snow.

Ketma-ket harakatlar

When + Past Simple, + Past Simple

When I got home, I had dinner.

Qachon ishlatiladi

Qisqa voqea uzun harakat oʻrtasida sodir boʻladi

I was sleeping when my alarm went off. — Budilnik jiringlaganda men uxlayotgan edim.
We were watching the match when the lights went out. — Chiroq oʻchganda biz oʻyinni koʻrayotgan edik.
While I was waiting for the bus, I saw my old teacher. — Avtobus kutayotganimda eski oʻqituvchimni koʻrdim.

Bir vaqtda davom etgan ikki uzun harakat — ikkalasi ham Past Continuous

While I was doing my homework, my brother was playing on his phone. — Men uy vazifamni qilayotganimda, ukam telefonda oʻynayotgan edi.

Ketma-ket voqealar — hammasi Past Simple

When the film finished, we went home. — Film tugagach, uyga ketdik.
She opened the door, saw her friends and smiled. — U eshikni ochdi, doʻstlarini koʻrdi va jilmaydi.

Oʻzbek tili bilan farqi

Oʻzbek tilida ham xuddi shu mantiq bor: uzun harakat «-ayotganda» bilan, qisqa voqea «-di» bilan aytiladi: «Uyga ketayotganimda yomgʻir yogʻa boshladi». Inglizchada: I was walking home when it started to rain. Farqi shundaki, oʻzbekchada «qachon» maʼnosi qoʻshimchada (-ganda, -ayotganda), inglizchada esa alohida soʻz — when yoki while — va u gap qismining boshida turadi. Koʻp uchraydigan xato — ikkala harakatni ham Past Simple bilan aytish: «When I walked home, it started to rain».

Eslatmalar

when yoki while bilan boshlangan qism gap boshida boʻlsa, undan keyin vergul qoʻyiladi: When the phone rang, I was sleeping. Gap oxirida boʻlsa, vergul kerak emas: I was sleeping when the phone rang.
Maʼno farqiga eʼtibor bering: When Dad came home, we had dinner — dadam kelgach, keyin ovqatlandik. When Dad came home, we were having dinner — dadam kelganda biz allaqachon ovqatlanayotgan edik.
during soʻzidan keyin ot keladi, gap emas: during the lesson, during the summer. Gap uchun while ishlatiladi: while I was waiting.

Keng tarqalgan xatolar

✗ When I watched TV, the lights went out. ✓ When I was watching TV, the lights went out.
Televizor koʻrish — uzun harakat, shuning uchun Past Continuous.
✗ While I was walking to school, I was meeting my teacher. ✓ While I was walking to school, I met my teacher.
Uchrashish — qisqa voqea, Past Simple kerak.
✗ I was having a shower when the phone was ringing. ✓ I was having a shower when the phone rang.
«when»dan keyingi qisqa voqea — Past Simple.
✗ During I was waiting for the bus, I saw Aziz. ✓ While I was waiting for the bus, I saw Aziz.
«during»dan keyin ot keladi; gap oldidan while kerak.

Mini test

1. I ___ a shower when the phone rang, so I didn't answer. had / was having / were having

Javob: was having. Telefon jiringlaganda dush jarayonda edi — Past Continuous, I bilan was.

2. While we were playing football, the ball ___ into the neighbour's garden. flew / was flying / flies

Javob: flew. Toʻp uchib ketishi — qisqa voqea, Past Simple.

3. ___ I was waiting for the bus, I saw my teacher. While / During / Then

Javob: While. Gap oldidan while; «during»dan keyin faqat ot keladi.

4. What ___ you doing when the lights went out? did / were / was

Javob: were. doing — Past Continuous, you bilan were.

5. She ___ the door, went in and turned on the light. was opening / opens / opened

Javob: opened. Ketma-ket qisqa harakatlar — hammasi Past Simple.

По-русски: Прошедшее простое и прошедшее длительное время

Для рассказа о длительном действии и коротком событии, которое его прервало: when и while.

Когда мы рассказываем о прошлом, часто используем два времени вместе. Past Continuous — длительное действие, фон: I was walking home. Past Simple — короткое событие, которое случилось посреди длительного: it started to rain. Вместе: I was walking home when it started to rain.

when обычно стоит перед коротким событием (when + Past Simple), а while — перед длительным действием (while + Past Continuous): While I was walking home, I met Aziz.

Если действия идут одно за другим — одно закончилось, потом началось другое, — оба в Past Simple: When the teacher came in, we stood up.

Сравнение с русским и узбекским

Русский вид здесь хорошо помогает: несовершенный вид («шёл», «делал») часто соответствует Past Continuous, а совершенный («начался», «позвонил») — Past Simple. «Я шёл домой, когда начался дождь» = I was walking home when it started to rain. Но правило не стопроцентное: «Летом я часто ходил на речку» — это привычка, и здесь нужен Past Simple: I often went to the river. Частая ошибка — during вместо while: during + существительное, while + предложение.

Bogʻliq mavzular

Ingliz tilini Safiya bilan oʻrganing

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