Safiya
Sifatlarning orttirma darajasi
Guruhdagi eng … odam yoki narsani aytish uchun: the biggest, the most interesting. A2
Orttirma daraja uch yoki undan koʻp narsa ichidan eng … sini koʻrsatadi: «Amir sinfdagi eng baland bola» → Amir is the tallest boy in the class.
Qisqa sifatlarga -est qoʻshiladi: old → the oldest, big → the biggest, easy → the easiest. Uzun sifatlar oldidan the most qoʻyiladi: the most interesting, the most expensive. Oldida deyarli har doim the turadi.
Tartibsiz shakllar: good → the best, bad → the worst, far → the furthest / farthest.
Shakllar
the + adjective + -est
big → the biggest, nice → the nicest, happy → the happiestThis is the biggest park in our city.
the most + adjectiveMaths is the most difficult subject for me.
good → the best
bad → the worst
far → the furthest / farthestSunday is the best day of the week.
Who / What / Which + is + the + superlative …?Who is the youngest in your family?
Qachon ishlatiladi
Joy yoki guruh ichida eng …: in the class, in the world, in my family
- Tashkent is the biggest city in Uzbekistan. — Toshkent Oʻzbekistondagi eng katta shahar.
- She is the fastest runner in our school. — U maktabimizdagi eng tez yuguruvchi.
of bilan: of all, of the three, of the year
- This is the hottest day of the year. — Bu yilning eng issiq kuni.
- Bobur is the oldest of the three brothers. — Bobur uch aka-uka ichida eng kattasi.
Present Perfect va ever bilan: hayotimdagi eng …
- It's the best film I've ever seen. — Bu men koʻrgan eng yaxshi film.
- This is the most delicious plov I have ever eaten. — Bu men yegan eng mazali palov.
Oʻzbek tili bilan farqi
Oʻzbek tilida orttirma daraja oddiy: sifat oldiga eng qoʻyiladi va sifat oʻzgarmaydi: eng katta, eng qiziqarli. Ingliz tilida esa sifatning oʻzi oʻzgaradi (-est yoki the most) va the kerak. Oʻzbek tilida artikl yoʻqligi uchun the koʻpincha tushib qoladi: She is best student ✗. «eng»ni har doim most deb tarjima qilish ham xato: the most big ✗, the biggest ✓. «Sinfdagi», «dunyodagi» kabi «-dagi» in bilan beriladi: in the class, in the world.
Eslatmalar
- Imlo qiyosiy darajadagidek: big → biggest, nice → nicest, easy → easiest.
- Joy va guruh uchun in: the tallest in the class (of the class emas). of — of all, of the year, of my friends kabi iboralarda.
- Egalik soʻzi the oʻrnini egallaydi: my best friend (my the best friend emas).
- one of the + orttirma daraja + koʻplikdagi ot: She is one of the best players in the team.
Keng tarqalgan xatolar
- ✗ He is most tall boy in our class. ✓ He is the tallest boy in our class.
Qisqa sifat -est oladi va oldida the turadi. - ✗ This is the most big room in the house. ✓ This is the biggest room in the house.
big — qisqa sifat: the biggest. - ✗ She is the best student of our class. ✓ She is the best student in our class.
Guruh yoki joy uchun in ishlatiladi. - ✗ It's the most good film I've ever seen. ✓ It's the best film I've ever seen.
«good»ning orttirma darajasi — the best.
Mini test
1. Everest is ___ mountain in the world. the highest / highest / the most high
Javob: the highest. high — qisqa sifat, oldida the: the highest.
2. This is ___ book I have ever read. the interestingest / the most interesting / most interesting
Javob: the most interesting. interesting — uzun sifat: the most interesting.
3. Monday is ___ day of the week for me. the baddest / the worse / the worst
Javob: the worst. «bad»ning orttirma darajasi — the worst.
4. What is the longest river ___ the world? of / in / from
Javob: in. Joy uchun in: in the world.
5. Kamola is ___ girl in our group. the funnyest / the most funniest / the funniest
Javob: the funniest. funny: y → i + est, yaʼni the funniest.
По-русски: Превосходная степень прилагательных
Чтобы назвать самого … в группе: the biggest, the most interesting.
Превосходная степень выделяет самого … из трёх и более: «Амир — самый высокий мальчик в классе» → Amir is the tallest boy in the class.
К коротким прилагательным добавляется -est: old → the oldest, big → the biggest, easy → the easiest. Перед длинными ставится the most: the most interesting, the most expensive. Впереди почти всегда стоит the.
Особые формы: good → the best, bad → the worst, far → the furthest / farthest.
Сравнение с русским и узбекским
В русском превосходная степень делается словом «самый»: самый большой, самый интересный (форма на -ейший — книжная). В английском «самый» не всегда the most: с короткими прилагательными — только -est: the biggest, а не the most big. Артиклей в русском нет, поэтому the часто забывают: She is best student ✗ → She is the best student. Русское «из» подталкивает к ошибке the tallest from the class — нужно in the class, а «из всех» — of all. И «лучший» — это the best, а не the most good.
Bogʻliq mavzular
- Sifatlarning qiyosiy darajasi A2
- as … as: teng taqqoslash A2
- Hozirgi tugallangan zamon: hayotiy tajriba A2
- Sifatlarning gapdagi oʻrni A1
Qisqa darslar, 12 ta oʻyin, hikoyalar va oʻzbek yoki rus tilida tushuntiradigan sunʼiy intellekt oʻqituvchisi — A1 dan IELTS gacha. Учите английский с Сафией — на узбекском или русском.