Safiya
Hozirgi tugallangan zamon: hayotiy tajriba
Hayotdagi tajriba haqida, qachon boʻlgani muhim boʻlmaganda: ever, never. A2
Present Perfect yordamida hayotingizdagi tajriba haqida gapirasiz: hayotingizda biror marta boʻlganmi yoki yoʻqmi. Qachon boʻlgani muhim emas va aytilmaydi: I have been to Samarkand. She has never flown on a plane.
Tuzilishi: have / has + feʼlning uchinchi shakli (past participle). Toʻgʻri feʼllarda u -ed bilan tugaydi (visit → visited), notoʻgʻri feʼllarni esa yodlash kerak: see → seen, eat → eaten, go → been / gone. I, you, we, they bilan have, he, she, it bilan has.
Savolda koʻpincha ever (biror marta), javobda never (hech qachon) keladi: Have you ever tried sushi? — No, I've never tried it. Agar suhbatda aniq vaqt aytilsa (last year, in 2023), Past Simple zamoniga oʻtiladi.
Shakllar
I / you / we / they + have ('ve) + past participle
he / she / it + has ('s) + past participleI've seen this film three times.
subject + haven't / hasn't + past participle
subject + have / has + never + past participleMy little brother has never been on a plane.
Have / Has + subject + (ever) + past participle?
Yes, I have. / No, I haven't.Have you ever eaten Korean food?
Qachon ishlatiladi
Hayotiy tajriba — vaqti aytilmaydi
- I've been to Bukhara and Khiva. — Men Buxoro va Xivada boʻlganman.
- My dad has visited many countries. — Dadam koʻp mamlakatlarda boʻlgan.
- We've seen this film twice. — Bu filmni ikki marta koʻrganmiz.
ever bilan savollar va never bilan javoblar
- Have you ever ridden a horse? — Hech otga minganmisan?
- I've never tried sushi. — Men hech qachon sushi tatib koʻrmaganman.
- Has your sister ever won a competition? — Opang biror marta musobaqada gʻolib boʻlganmi?
Tafsilot va aniq vaqt — Past Simple bilan
- Have you ever been to Samarkand? — Yes, I went there last summer. — Samarqandda boʻlganmisan? — Ha, oʻtgan yozda bordim.
- I've met a famous footballer. I met him at the airport in 2024. — Bir mashhur futbolchi bilan uchrashganman. U bilan 2024-yilda aeroportda uchrashdim.
Oʻzbek tili bilan farqi
Oʻzbek tilida tajriba uchun «-gan» shakli bor: «Samarqandda boʻlganman», «Hech qachon samolyotda uchmaganman». Bu Present Perfect zamoniga juda yaqin, shuning uchun maʼnosi tushunarli. Ammo ikki farq bor. Birinchidan, oʻzbekchada «-gan» bilan aniq vaqt ham aytish mumkin («2020-yilda borganman»), inglizchada esa aniq vaqt bilan faqat Past Simple: I went there in 2020. Ikkinchidan, oʻzbekchada «hech qachon … -magan» — ikki inkor, inglizchada esa bitta: I have never been.
Eslatmalar
- been va gone farqi: He has been to London — borgan va qaytib kelgan. He has gone to London — ketgan, hozir oʻsha yerda.
- «never»ning oʻzi inkor, shuning uchun not bilan birga ishlatilmaydi: I have never seen snow, I haven't never seen emas.
- ever va never have / has bilan uchinchi shakl orasida turadi: Have you ever been…? I've never been…
- Necha marta boʻlganini gap oxirida aytamiz: once, twice, three times, many times — I've been to Tashkent three times.
Keng tarqalgan xatolar
- ✗ I have been to Samarkand last year. ✓ I went to Samarkand last year.
Aniq vaqt (last year) aytilgan — Past Simple kerak. - ✗ I haven't never seen snow. ✓ I have never seen snow.
«never»ning oʻzi inkor; not kerak emas. - ✗ Have you ever went to Bukhara? ✓ Have you ever been to Bukhara?
«have»dan keyin uchinchi shakl keladi: been. - ✗ She has eat sushi twice. ✓ She has eaten sushi twice.
«eat»ning uchinchi shakli — eaten.
Mini test
1. Have you ever ___ a horse? rode / ridden / ride
Javob: ridden. «have»dan keyin uchinchi shakl: ride → ridden.
2. I ___ never been to the sea. have / has / am
Javob: have. I bilan have ishlatiladi.
3. My grandma ___ to Moscow three times. have been / has been / was been
Javob: has been. My grandma = she, shuning uchun has been.
4. We ___ to Samarkand last summer. have been / have gone / went
Javob: went. last summer — aniq vaqt, Past Simple kerak.
5. Sardor isn't here. He ___ to the shop. has been / has gone / have gone
Javob: has gone. U hali qaytmagan, doʻkonda — has gone.
По-русски: Настоящее совершённое время: жизненный опыт
Для рассказа о жизненном опыте, когда неважно, когда именно это было: ever, never.
С помощью Present Perfect мы говорим о жизненном опыте: было ли это когда-нибудь в жизни или нет. Когда именно — неважно, и время не называется: I have been to Samarkand. She has never flown on a plane.
Строится так: have / has + третья форма глагола (причастие прошедшего времени, past participle). У правильных глаголов она оканчивается на -ed (visit → visited), неправильные нужно выучить: see → seen, eat → eaten, go → been / gone. С I, you, we, they — have, с he, she, it — has.
В вопросах часто стоит ever (когда-нибудь), в ответах — never (никогда): Have you ever tried sushi? — No, I've never tried it. Как только называется конкретное время (last year, in 2023), переходим на Past Simple.
Сравнение с русским и узбекским
В русском нет Present Perfect — опыт выражается обычным прошедшим временем: «Ты когда-нибудь был в Самарканде?», «Я никогда не летал на самолёте». Поэтому русскоязычные часто говорят «Were you ever in Samarkand?» или «I never flew on a plane». В британском английском для опыта без указания времени нужен have / has + третья форма: Have you ever been to Samarkand? Ещё одна ловушка — двойное отрицание: русское «никогда не» превращается в «I haven't never», а в английском отрицание одно: I've never flown.
Bogʻliq mavzular
- Hozirgi tugallangan zamon: just, already, yet A2
- Hozirgi tugallangan zamon: for va since A2
- Hozirgi tugallangan zamon yoki oʻtgan oddiy zamon B1
- Oʻtgan oddiy zamon: notoʻgʻri feʼllar A1
Qisqa darslar, 12 ta oʻyin, hikoyalar va oʻzbek yoki rus tilida tushuntiradigan sunʼiy intellekt oʻqituvchisi — A1 dan IELTS gacha. Учите английский с Сафией — на узбекском или русском.