Safiya
Uchinchi tur shartli gap
Oʻtmishda boʻlmagan voqea va uning boʻlmagan natijasi haqida — afsus, tanqid va xayol uchun. B2
Third conditional oʻtmish haqida, lekin haqiqatda boʻlmagan voqea haqida gapiradi. Biz xayolan oʻtmishni oʻzgartiramiz va boshqa natijani tasavvur qilamiz: «Agar ertaroq turganimda, avtobusga ulgurgan boʻlardim». Haqiqatda esa kech turdim va ulgurmadim.
Tuzilishi: If + had + V3, would have + V3: If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. Natija qismida would oʻrniga could have (imkoniyat) yoki might have (ehtimol) ham kelishi mumkin.
Qismlar oʻrnini almashtirish mumkin: I would have passed if I had studied harder. Gap if bilan boshlansa, oʻrtaga vergul qoʻyiladi. Bu shakl koʻpincha afsus, tanqid yoki yengillikni («yaxshiyamki...») bildiradi.
Shakllar
If + subject + had + V3, subject + would have + V3If you had told me earlier, I would have helped you.
If + subject + hadn't + V3, subject + wouldn't have + V3If we hadn't missed the bus, we wouldn't have been late.
What would + subject + have + V3 + if + subject + had + V3?
Would + subject + have + V3 + if…?What would you have done if you had lost your passport?
Qachon ishlatiladi
Oʻtmishni xayolan oʻzgartirish va boshqa natijani tasavvur qilish
- If I had left home earlier, I wouldn't have missed the bus. — Uydan ertaroq chiqqanimda, avtobusdan qolib ketmagan boʻlardim.
- If our team had scored one more goal, we would have won the match. — Jamoamiz yana bitta gol urganida, oʻyinda gʻalaba qozongan boʻlardik.
- She would have come to the party if she had known about it. — Agar bazm haqida bilganida, u kelgan boʻlardi.
Afsus va tanqid
- If I had listened to my teacher, I wouldn't have made so many mistakes. — Oʻqituvchimni tinglaganimda, bunchalik koʻp xato qilmagan boʻlardim.
- If you had checked the map, we wouldn't have got lost. — Xaritani tekshirganingda, adashib qolmagan boʻlardik.
could have — imkoniyat, might have — ehtimol
- If we had booked earlier, we could have got cheaper tickets. — Oldinroq band qilganimizda, arzonroq chipta olishimiz mumkin edi.
- If he had asked me, I might have said yes. — Agar u mendan soʻraganida, balki rozi boʻlgan boʻlardim.
Oʻzbek tili bilan farqi
Oʻzbek tilida ham xayoliy oʻtmish bor: «Ertaroq kelganingda, uni koʻrgan boʻlarding». Lekin kundalik nutqda «Kelsang edi, koʻrarding» shakli hozir uchun ham, oʻtmish uchun ham ishlatiladi — vaqtni kontekst aytadi. Shuning uchun oʻquvchilar kecha haqida ham second conditional tuzadi: If I came earlier, I would see him. Ingliz tilida oʻtmish shaklning oʻzida koʻrinishi kerak: had + V3 va would have + V3.
Eslatmalar
- if qismida would ishlatilmaydi: If I had known (If I would have known emas). Soʻzlashuvda baʼzan eshitiladi, lekin imtihonda xato hisoblanadi.
- Soʻzlashuvda had ham, would ham 'd boʻlib qisqaradi: If I'd known, I'd have come. if soʻzidan keyingisi — had, natija qismidagisi — would.
- Rasmiy uslubda if tushib qolib, inversiya ishlatiladi: Had I known, I would have come.
- IELTS Writing Task 2 topshirigʻida oʻtmishdagi qarorlar haqida fikr bildirishga yordam beradi: If the city had invested in public transport, traffic jams would not have become such a problem.
Keng tarqalgan xatolar
- ✗ If I would have known, I would have come. ✓ If I had known, I would have come.
if qismida would boʻlmaydi — had + V3. - ✗ If I studied harder last year, I would pass the exam. ✓ If I had studied harder last year, I would have passed the exam.
Gap oʻtmish haqida (last year) — third conditional kerak. - ✗ If you had told me, I would helped you. ✓ If you had told me, I would have helped you.
Natija qismida would have + V3: have tushib qolmasin. - ✗ If she had came earlier, she would have seen him. ✓ If she had come earlier, she would have seen him.
had soʻzidan keyin V3 keladi: come — came — come.
Mini test
1. If I ___ about the test, I would have revised. knew / had known / would have known
Javob: had known. Oʻtmishdagi xayoliy shart — if + had + V3.
2. We ___ the train if we had left ten minutes earlier. would have caught / would catch / had caught
Javob: would have caught. Oʻtmishdagi boʻlmagan natija — would have + V3.
3. If it ___ so cold yesterday, we would have gone to the park. wasn't / wouldn't have been / hadn't been
Javob: hadn't been. yesterday — oʻtmish; if qismida had + V3 kerak, yaʼni had not been.
4. If you had asked me, I ___ you my notes. would have lent / would lend / will lend
Javob: would have lent. if qismi oʻtmishda (had asked) — natija would have + V3.
5. What would you have done if you ___ your phone on the bus? lost / had lost / have lost
Javob: had lost. Savol oʻtmish haqida (would have done) — if + had lost.
По-русски: Третий тип условных предложений
Для того, что не произошло в прошлом, и его несостоявшегося результата: сожаления, упрёки, фантазии.
Третий тип условных предложений говорит о прошлом, но о том, чего на самом деле не было. Мы мысленно меняем прошлое и представляем другой результат: «Если бы я встал раньше, я бы успел на автобус». На самом деле я встал поздно и не успел.
Строится так: If + had + V3, would have + V3: If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. Во второй части вместо would может стоять could have (возможность) или might have (вероятность).
Части можно поменять местами: I would have passed if I had studied harder. Если предложение начинается с if, между частями ставится запятая. В разговоре обе формы сокращаются до 'd: If I'd known, I'd have come — первое 'd = had, второе = would.
Сравнение с русским и узбекским
В русском одна конструкция «Если бы я знал, я бы пришёл» подходит и для настоящего, и для прошлого. Отсюда две ошибки. Первая — второй тип вместо третьего, когда речь о прошлом: If I knew, I would come. Вторая — would в обеих частях, по аналогии с «бы» в обеих частях: If I would have known… В английском после if нет would, а прошлое показывают had + V3 и would have + V3.
Bogʻliq mavzular
- Ikkinchi tur shart gaplar B1
- Aralash shartli gaplar B2
- wish va if only: afsus va istak B2
- Should have / shouldn't have: afsus va tanqid B2
- Inversiyali shartli gaplar C1
Qisqa darslar, 12 ta oʻyin, hikoyalar va oʻzbek yoki rus tilida tushuntiradigan sunʼiy intellekt oʻqituvchisi — A1 dan IELTS gacha. Учите английский с Сафией — на узбекском или русском.