Ikkinchi tur shart gaplar

Xayoliy yoki hozirgi haqiqatga toʻgʻri kelmaydigan vaziyat va uning natijasi haqida. B1

Second conditional — xayoliy vaziyatlar uchun: hozir haqiqatda yoʻq yoki boʻlishi juda qiyin narsalar haqida. «Vaqtim koʻproq boʻlganida, gitara chalishni oʻrganardim» — If I had more time, I'd learn the guitar. (Lekin vaqtim yoʻq.)

Tuzilishi: If + Past Simple, would + feʼl. Diqqat: bu yerda Past Simple oʻtmishni emas, «haqiqat emas» degan maʼnoni beradi. Gap hozirgi yoki kelajak haqida.

First conditional bilan solishtiring: If I win the competition, I'll get a new phone (yutishim mumkin — real). If I won a million dollars, I'd travel around the world (deyarli imkonsiz — orzu).

Maslahat berishda ham koʻp ishlatiladi: If I were you, I'd talk to the teacher.

Shakllar

Tasdiq gap

If + subject + past simple, subject + would ('d) + verb

If I had a bike, I would ride it to school.

Inkor gap

If + subject + didn't + verb, subject + would + verb
If + subject + past simple, subject + wouldn't + verb

If she didn't live so far away, I'd visit her more often.

Soʻroq gap

What would + subject + verb + if + past simple?
Would + subject + verb + if + past simple?

What would you do if you found a wallet in the street?

Qachon ishlatiladi

Hozirgi haqiqatga qarama-qarshi vaziyat

If I knew her number, I'd call her. — Uning raqamini bilganimda, qoʻngʻiroq qilardim.
If we lived near the sea, we'd swim every day. — Dengiz yonida yashaganimizda, har kuni suzardik.

Kelajakdagi xayoliy yoki deyarli imkonsiz vaziyat

If our team got to the final, the whole school would come to watch. — Jamoamiz finalga chiqsa, butun maktab tomosha qilgani kelardi.
If you met a famous footballer, what would you ask him? — Mashhur futbolchini uchratsang, undan nima soʻrarding?

Maslahat: If I were you, I'd...

If I were you, I'd say sorry to her. — Men sening oʻrningda boʻlsam, undan kechirim soʻrardim.
I wouldn't worry about it if I were you. — Sening oʻrningda boʻlsam, bunga xavotir olmasdim.

Natija qismida could yoki might

If I had more money, I could buy a new laptop. — Pulim koʻproq boʻlganida, yangi noutbuk sotib olishim mumkin edi.

Oʻzbek tili bilan farqi

Oʻzbek tilida xayoliy shart -sa / -ganida va -ar edi bilan aytiladi: «Pulim boʻlganida, mashina olardim». «-ardim» would + feʼl tuzilmasiga yaxshi mos keladi. Lekin oʻzbekcha «-sa» real va xayoliy shart uchun bir xil boʻlishi mumkin («Pulim boʻlsa, olaman / olardim»), farqni natija qismi beradi. Inglizchada farq ikkala qismda ham koʻrinadi: if qismida Past Simple. Shuning uchun «If I have money, I would buy...» kabi aralash xato chiqadi.

Eslatmalar

If qismida hamma shaxslar bilan were ishlatish mumkin: If I were you, if she were here. Kundalik nutqda If I was... ham eshitiladi, lekin If I were you iborasida va imtihonda «were»ni tanlang.
would faqat natija qismida keladi, if qismida emas: «If I would have time» — xato.
IELTS Speaking imtihonida «What would you do if...?» kabi savollar koʻp; second conditional bilan toʻliq javob berish grammatik boylikni koʻrsatadi.

Keng tarqalgan xatolar

✗ If I would have more time, I would read more. ✓ If I had more time, I would read more.
if qismida would emas, Past Simple keladi.
✗ If I am you, I would talk to her. ✓ If I were you, I would talk to her.
Maslahat iborasi doim If I were you.
✗ If I had a dog, I will walk it every day. ✓ If I had a dog, I would walk it every day.
Xayoliy vaziyat natijasi — would, will emas.
✗ If I knew the answer, I told you. ✓ If I knew the answer, I would tell you.
Natija qismida would + feʼl kerak.

Mini test

1. If I ___ more money, I would buy a new laptop. have / had / would have

Javob: had. Xayoliy shart — if qismida Past Simple: had.

2. If I were you, I ___ to the doctor. would go / will go / went

Javob: would go. If I were you iborasidan keyin maslahat would + feʼl bilan.

3. What would you do if you ___ a famous singer in the street? saw / see / would see

Javob: saw. Xayoliy vaziyat — if qismida Past Simple: saw.

4. If my grandma lived closer, I ___ her every weekend. visit / will visit / would visit

Javob: would visit. if qismi Past Simple zamonida — natija would + feʼl.

5. If I ___ you, I wouldn't buy that phone. am / were / would be

Javob: were. Maslahat iborasi: If I were you.

По-русски: Условные предложения второго типа

О воображаемой ситуации, которая не соответствует действительности, и её результате.

Second conditional — для воображаемых ситуаций: того, чего сейчас нет на самом деле или что вряд ли случится. «Если бы у меня было больше времени, я бы научился играть на гитаре» — If I had more time, I'd learn the guitar. (Но времени нет.)

Строится так: If + Past Simple, would + глагол. Внимание: Past Simple здесь означает не прошлое, а «нереально». Речь идёт о настоящем или будущем.

Сравните с first conditional: If I win the competition, I'll get a new phone (могу выиграть — реально). If I won a million dollars, I'd travel around the world (почти невозможно — мечта).

Часто используется для советов: If I were you, I'd talk to the teacher.

Сравнение с русским и узбекским

В русском нереальное условие строится с частицей «бы» в обеих частях: «Если бы у меня было время, я бы пошёл». В английском would стоит только в главной части, а после if — Past Simple: If I had time, I would go. Отсюда частая ошибка «If I would have time…». Ещё отличие: русское «если бы» может относиться и к прошлому, а second conditional — только к настоящему и будущему; для прошлого нужен third conditional.

Bogʻliq mavzular

Ingliz tilini Safiya bilan oʻrganing

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