-ed va -ing bilan tugaydigan sifatlar

His-tuygʻuni (bored) va uni keltirib chiqaradigan narsani (boring) farqlash uchun. A2

Koʻp sifatlar ikki shaklda boʻladi: -ed va -ing. -ed sifat odam nimani his qilayotganini bildiradi: I am bored — men zerikyapman. -ing sifat esa narsa yoki odam qanday ekanini, yaʼni his-tuygʻuni nima keltirib chiqarishini bildiradi: The lesson is boring — dars zerikarli.

Shunday qilib: The film was interesting, so I was interested. The news was surprising, and everyone was surprised.

Odam haqida -ing sifat ham ishlatiladi, lekin maʼno boshqa: He is boring — u zerikarli odam (boshqalarni zeriktiradi). He is bored — u zerikyapti.

Shakllar

-ed: his-tuygʻu
person + be / feel / look / get + adjective-ed
bored, interested, tired, excited, surprised

I'm really excited about the trip.

-ing: sabab
thing / person + be + adjective-ing
boring, interesting, tiring, exciting, surprising

The trip to Samarkand was very exciting.

Koʻp uchraydigan juftlar
bored / boring
interested / interesting
worried / worrying
embarrassed / embarrassing
amazed / amazing

It was an embarrassing mistake, and I felt embarrassed.

Qachon ishlatiladi

-ed: odam nimani his qiladi

-ing: narsa yoki odam qanday, his-tuygʻuni nima uygʻotadi

Ikkalasi bitta gapda: sabab (-ing) va natija (-ed)

Oʻzbek tili bilan farqi

Oʻzbek tilida bu farq turli soʻzlar bilan beriladi: «zerikyapman» (feʼl) va «zerikarli» (sifat), «qiziqaman» va «qiziqarli», «charchadim» va «charchatadigan». Ingliz tilida esa bitta oʻzakdan ikki sifat yasaladi: bored va boring. Oʻzbekcha «zerikyapman» feʼl boʻlgani uchun oʻquvchilar uni «I am boring» deb tarjima qilib yuboradi — bu esa «Men zerikarli odamman» degani! His-tuygʻu haqida gapirganda -ed: I am bored, I am tired, I am interested in football.

Eslatmalar

Keng tarqalgan xatolar

Mini test

1. This lesson is so ___. I want to sleep. bored / boring / bore

Javob: boring. Dars qanday — -ing: boring.

2. I'm very ___ in history. interested / interesting / interest

Javob: interested. Odamning qiziqishi — interested in.

3. After the long walk, we were really ___. tiring / tire / tired

Javob: tired. Biz nimani his qildik — -ed: tired.

4. The news was ___. Nobody expected it. surprised / surprising / surprise

Javob: surprising. Yangilik hayratga soladi — -ing: surprising.

5. Are you ___ about the holidays? exciting / excite / excited

Javob: excited. Odamning his-tuygʻusi — -ed: excited about.

По-русски: Прилагательные на -ed и -ing

Чтобы отличать чувство (bored) от того, что его вызывает (boring).

Многие прилагательные бывают в двух формах: -ed и -ing. Прилагательное на -ed говорит, что чувствует человек: I'm bored — мне скучно. Прилагательное на -ing описывает, какой предмет или человек, то есть что вызывает чувство: The lesson is boring — урок скучный.

Например: The film was interesting, so I was interested. The news was surprising, and everyone was surprised.

О человеке можно сказать и с -ing, но смысл другой: He is boring — он скучный человек (с ним скучно). He is bored — ему скучно.

Сравнение с русским и узбекским

В русском разницу тоже передают разные слова: «мне скучно» и «скучный», «я устал» и «утомительный», «мне интересно» и «интересный». Беда в том, что «мне скучно», «мне интересно» строятся с дательным падежом и наречием, и ученики переводят по смыслу: «скучно — boring» → I'm boring ✗ («я скучный человек»). Правило: чувство человека — -ed (I'm bored, I'm interested), качество предмета — -ing (The lesson is boring). «Я интересуюсь кино» — I'm interested in films, а не I'm interesting in films.

Bogʻliq mavzular

Ingliz tilini Safiya bilan oʻrganing

Qisqa darslar, 12 ta oʻyin, hikoyalar va oʻzbek yoki rus tilida tushuntiradigan sunʼiy intellekt oʻqituvchisi — A1 dan IELTS gacha. Учите английский с Сафией — на узбекском или русском.

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