both, either, neither: ikkalasi, biri, hech biri

Ikki narsa yoki odam haqida: ikkalasi ham, ikkalasidan biri, ikkalasi ham emas. B1

Bu soʻzlar faqat ikki narsa yoki odam haqida gapirganda ishlatiladi. both — ikkalasi ham, either — ikkalasidan biri (qaysi boʻlsa ham farqi yoʻq), neither — ikkalasi ham emas.

Ular otdan oldin keladi: both girls (koʻplik), either day, neither answer (birlik). Olmosh oldidan of shart: both of them, neither of us. the, my, these oldidan either va neither bilan ham of kerak (either of my friends), both bilan esa of ixtiyoriy: both (of) my parents.

Ular juft bogʻlovchi boʻlib ham keladi: both … and (ham… ham), either … or (yo… yoki), neither … nor (na… na).

Shakllar

both soʻzi

both + plural noun
both (of) the / my + plural noun
both of + us / you / them

Both my parents are teachers.

either va neither

either / neither + singular noun
either / neither + of + the / my + plural noun
either / neither + of + us / you / them

Neither of my brothers likes football.

Juft bogʻlovchilar

both A and B
either A or B
neither A nor B

I speak both Uzbek and Russian.

Qachon ishlatiladi

both — ikkalasi birga; feʼl koʻplikda

Both answers are correct. — Ikkala javob ham toʻgʻri.
I've got two cousins in Samarkand. Both of them are students. — Samarqandda ikkita amakivachcham bor. Ikkalasi ham talaba.

either — ikkalasidan biri, qaysi biri boʻlsa ham farqi yoʻq

There are two buses to the centre. You can take either. — Markazga ikkita avtobus boradi. Istalganiga chiqishing mumkin.
You can sit on either side of the table. — Stolning istalgan tomoniga oʻtirishingiz mumkin.

neither — ikkalasi ham emas; feʼl tasdiq shaklida

Neither team played well. — Ikkala jamoa ham yaxshi oʻynamadi.
Which film did you like? — Neither. They were both boring. — Qaysi film yoqdi? — Hech qaysisi. Ikkalasi ham zerikarli edi.

Juft bogʻlovchilar: ham… ham, yo… yoki, na… na

Both Ali and Bekzod are in the school team. — Ali ham, Bekzod ham maktab jamoasida.
You can have either tea or juice. — Choy yoki sharbat ichishingiz mumkin.
Neither my mum nor my dad can swim. — Na oyim, na dadam suzishni biladi.

Oʻzbek tili bilan farqi

Oʻzbekchada «Ikkalasi ham kelmadi», «Hech biri kelmadi» deymiz — inkor soʻz va inkor feʼl birga keladi. Ingliz tilida esa neither oʻzi inkor, feʼl tasdiq boʻladi: Neither of them came. Yana bir farq: «ikkalamiz» bitta soʻz, inglizchada esa we both yoki both of us (both we emas). «yo… yoki» = either … or, «ham… ham» = both … and, «na… na» = neither … nor.

Eslatmalar

neither oʻzi inkor maʼnosini beradi, shuning uchun feʼl tasdiq shaklida boʻladi: Neither of them came (did not come emas).
neither of + koʻplikdagi ot: yozuvda feʼl birlikda (Neither of us is ready), ogʻzaki nutqda koʻplik ham keng tarqalgan (are).
both feʼl bilan: oddiy feʼldan oldin, lekin be va yordamchi feʼldan keyin: We both live here. They are both tired. We have both finished.
Inkor gapda not … either = neither: I do not know either of them = I know neither of them.

Keng tarqalgan xatolar

✗ Neither of them didn't come. ✓ Neither of them came.
neither oʻzi inkor, ikkinchi inkor kerak emas.
✗ Both of girls are clever. ✓ Both of the girls are clever.
both of birikmasidan keyin the, my yoki olmosh kerak; yoki shunchaki Both girls.
✗ Neither answer are correct. ✓ Neither answer is correct.
neither + birlikdagi ot + birlikdagi feʼl.
✗ Both we like pizza. ✓ We both like pizza.
both olmoshdan keyin keladi: we both yoki both of us.

Mini test

1. ___ my parents are doctors. Mum works in a hospital, and Dad has a clinic. Neither / Both / Either

Javob: Both. Ikkalasi ham shifokor, ikki odam birga — both.

2. Neither of my friends ___ to the party. came / didn't come / not came

Javob: came. neither inkor maʼnoda, shuning uchun feʼl tasdiq shaklida: came.

3. You can call me on ___ number — home or mobile. both / either / neither

Javob: either. Ikkalasidan biri, farqi yoʻq — either + birlikdagi ot.

4. I like ___ tea and coffee. both / neither / either

Javob: both. and bilan juft: both … and.

5. Which shoes do you want, the black ones or the white ones? — ___. I don't like them. Both / Either / Neither

Javob: Neither. Ikkalasi ham yoqmaydi — neither.

По-русски: both, either, neither: оба, любой из двух, ни один

О двух предметах или людях: оба, любой из двух, ни один из двух.

Эти слова употребляются, только когда речь идёт о двух предметах или людях. both — оба, either — любой из двух (неважно какой), neither — ни один из двух.

Они стоят перед существительным: both girls (множественное число), either day, neither answer (единственное число). Перед местоимением of обязательно: both of them, neither of us. Перед the, my, these с either и neither тоже нужно of (either of my friends), а с both of можно опустить: both (of) my parents.

Они также образуют парные союзы: both … and (и… и), either … or (или… или), neither … nor (ни… ни).

Сравнение с русским и узбекским

В русском двойное отрицание: «Ни один из них не пришёл», «Ни Али, ни Бекзод не пришли». В английском neither само отрицательное, поэтому глагол утвердительный: Neither of them came. У either нет одного русского соответствия: «любой из двух», «тот или другой». «Оба / обе» меняются по роду, а both — нет. «Мы оба» — we both или both of us, а не both we.

Bogʻliq mavzular

Ingliz tilini Safiya bilan oʻrganing

Qisqa darslar, 12 ta oʻyin, hikoyalar va oʻzbek yoki rus tilida tushuntiradigan sunʼiy intellekt oʻqituvchisi — A1 dan IELTS gacha. Учите английский с Сафией — на узбекском или русском.

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