Safiya
Shartning boshqa ifodalari
Shartni if soʻzidan boshqa vositalar bilan aniqroq va rasmiyroq ifodalash uchun. C1
Shartni faqat if bilan emas, boshqa vositalar bilan ham ifodalash mumkin. Ular maʼnoni aniqroq qiladi va nutqingizni boyitadi.
If … were to + feʼl — kelajakdagi juda kam ehtimolli yoki xayoliy holat: If you were to win a million, what would you do? Bu muloyim taklif uchun ham ishlatiladi: If you were to ask him, he might agree.
But for + ot (rasmiy) va if it weren't for / if it hadn't been for + ot — «… boʻlmaganida»: But for your help, I would have failed. Hozirgi holat uchun if it weren't for, oʻtmish uchun if it hadn't been for.
Supposing / Suppose / Assuming / What if — «faraz qilaylik»: Supposing you lost your phone, what would you do? Otherwise / or else — «aks holda»: Hurry up, otherwise we'll be late.
Shakllar
If + subject + were to + verb, subject + would + verbIf you were to move abroad, which country would you choose?
But for + noun, would + verb / would have + past participle
If it weren't for + noun, would + verb
If it hadn't been for + noun, would have + past participleIf it hadn't been for the map, we would have got lost.
Supposing / Suppose / Assuming (that) + clause, main clauseSupposing it rains tomorrow, what shall we do?
Clause; otherwise + clause
Clause, or else + clauseWrite it down; otherwise you'll forget it.
Qachon ishlatiladi
Were to — juda kam ehtimolli yoki xayoliy kelajak, muloyim taklif
- If I were to lose my passport abroad, I'd go straight to the embassy. — Mabodo chet elda pasportimni yoʻqotsam, darhol elchixonaga borardim.
- If you were to ask the teacher, she might give you more time. — Agar oʻqituvchidan soʻrasang, u senga koʻproq vaqt berishi mumkin.
But for / if it weren't for / if it hadn't been for — «… boʻlmaganida»
- But for the traffic, we would have arrived on time. — Tirbandlik boʻlmaganida, oʻz vaqtida yetib kelgan boʻlardik.
- If it weren't for my alarm, I'd never get up in time. — Budilnigim boʻlmasa, hech qachon vaqtida turolmasdim.
- If it hadn't been for our coach, we wouldn't have won the cup. — Murabbiyimiz boʻlmaganida, kubokni yutmagan boʻlardik.
Supposing / suppose / assuming / what if — «faraz qilaylik»
- Supposing you missed the last bus, how would you get home? — Faraz qilaylik, oxirgi avtobusga ulgurmading — uyga qanday borarding?
- Assuming the weather is good, we'll go to Chimgan on Sunday. — Havo yaxshi boʻladi deb hisoblasak, yakshanba kuni Chimyonga boramiz.
- What if the shop is closed? — Doʻkon yopiq boʻlsa-chi?
Otherwise / or else — «aks holda», «boʻlmasa»
- Charge your phone now; otherwise it'll die during the trip. — Telefoningni hozir quvvatla, aks holda safarda oʻchib qoladi.
- I was ill; otherwise I would have come to your party. — Kasal edim, boʻlmasa ziyofatingga kelgan boʻlardim.
Oʻzbek tili bilan farqi
Oʻzbek tilida shart asosan -sa qoʻshimchasi bilan beriladi, if oʻrnidagi soʻzlarning esa tayyor muqobillari bor: otherwise — «aks holda, boʻlmasa», supposing — «faraz qilaylik», were to — «mabodo». But for — «… boʻlmaganida»: «Yordaming boʻlmaganida…». Oʻzbekchada bu yerda feʼl bor, shuning uchun «But for you helped me» deb gap qurishadi — inglizchada but for iborasidan keyin faqat ot keladi: But for your help. Yana bir farq: inglizchada hozirgi holat uchun if it weren't for, oʻtmish uchun if it hadn't been for tanlanadi.
Eslatmalar
- Supposing soʻzidan keyingi zamon if gaplaridagidek: real holat — Supposing it rains; xayoliy — Supposing you won; oʻtmish — Supposing you had missed the plane.
- But for iborasidan keyin faqat ot yoki olmosh keladi, toʻliq gap emas: but for the rain — «but for it rained» emas.
- Were to odatda holat feʼllari (know, like, belong) bilan ishlatilmaydi: If I knew… — «If I were to know» emas. Rasmiy uslubda inversiya ham bor: Were you to…, Had it not been for… (Inversion in conditionals mavzusiga qarang).
- IELTS: «If cities were to invest more in public transport, traffic would fall» yoki «…; otherwise, …» Writing Task 2 topshirigʻida faraz va natijani rasmiy, aniq koʻrsatadi.
Keng tarqalgan xatolar
- ✗ If not your help, I would fail. ✓ If it weren't for your help, I would fail.
«If not + ot» shart maʼnosida ishlatilmaydi; if it weren't for yoki but for kerak. - ✗ But for it rained, we would have played. ✓ But for the rain, we would have played.
But for iborasidan keyin ot keladi, gap emas. - ✗ Supposing you will lose your passport, what will you do? ✓ Supposing you lose your passport, what will you do?
Supposing soʻzidan keyin, if gaplaridagidek, will ishlatilmaydi. - ✗ If it wasn't for the driver, we would miss the train yesterday. ✓ If it hadn't been for the driver, we would have missed the train yesterday.
Oʻtmishdagi holat uchun if it hadn't been for va would have + V3 kerak.
Mini test
1. ___ your advice, I would never have applied to that university. If not / But for / Unless
Javob: But for. «… boʻlmaganida» maʼnosida but for + ot ishlatiladi.
2. Take an umbrella; ___ you'll get wet. otherwise / unless / but for
Javob: otherwise. «Aks holda» = otherwise; undan keyin toʻliq gap keladi.
3. ___ you won the lottery, what would you buy first? Otherwise / Unless / Supposing
Javob: Supposing. «Faraz qilaylik» = supposing; unless maʼnoga mos emas.
4. If it ___ for the GPS, we would have got lost in the mountains yesterday. didn't be / hadn't been / wouldn't have been
Javob: hadn't been. Oʻtmish haqida (would have got lost): if it hadn't been for; if qismida would ishlatilmaydi.
5. If the match ___ cancelled, would we get our money back? were to be / will be / would be
Javob: were to be. Kam ehtimolli kelajak uchun if + were to + feʼl, bu yerda passiv: were to be cancelled.
По-русски: Другие способы выразить условие
Чтобы выразить условие точнее и формальнее, чем с одним if.
Условие можно выразить не только с помощью if. Другие средства делают смысл точнее, а речь — богаче.
If … were to + глагол — очень маловероятная или воображаемая ситуация в будущем: If you were to win a million, what would you do? Так же вежливо предлагают: If you were to ask him, he might agree.
But for + существительное (книжное) и if it weren't for / if it hadn't been for + существительное — «если бы не»: But for your help, I would have failed. Для настоящего — if it weren't for, для прошлого — if it hadn't been for.
Supposing / Suppose / Assuming / What if — «предположим, допустим»: Supposing you lost your phone, what would you do? Otherwise / or else — «иначе, а то»: Hurry up, otherwise we'll be late.
Сравнение с русским и узбекским
Русское «если бы не» соответствует but for / if it weren't for / if it hadn't been for. Частая калька — «If not you, I would be late». Правильно: If it weren't for you или But for you. Русское «бы» одно для всех времён, а в английском надо выбрать: if it weren't for (сейчас) или if it hadn't been for (в прошлом). «Иначе / а то» = otherwise / or else, «предположим, допустим» = supposing / suppose — здесь проблем меньше, но после supposing о будущем говорят в настоящем времени, без will: Supposing it rains.
Bogʻliq mavzular
- Ikkinchi tur shart gaplar B1
- Uchinchi tur shartli gap B2
- Inversiyali shartli gaplar C1
- Shart bogʻlovchilari: unless, as long as, provided that, in case B2
- Aralash shartli gaplar B2
Qisqa darslar, 12 ta oʻyin, hikoyalar va oʻzbek yoki rus tilida tushuntiradigan sunʼiy intellekt oʻqituvchisi — A1 dan IELTS gacha. Учите английский с Сафией — на узбекском или русском.