Taʼkid vositalari

Fikrning bir qismini kuchaytirish, eʼtirozni koʻrsatish yoki his-tuygʻuni bildirish uchun. C1

Ingliz tilida fikrni kuchaytirishning bir necha grammatik usuli bor. Eng muhimlari: emphatic do (I do like it), the very (the very first day), -self (the author herself), inkorni kuchaytirish (not … at all, no … whatsoever) va the thing is, the point is kabi kirish iboralari.

Emphatic do: tasdiq gapda feʼl oldiga do / does / did qoʻyiladi, feʼl esa birinchi shaklda qoladi: She does speak Russian. We did try. Bu odatda eʼtirozni bildiradi — kimdir aksini oʻylagan yoki aytgan: «You don't like plov! — I do like plov!» Nutqda do kuchli urgʻu bilan aytiladi. Buyruq gapda do taklifni iliqroq va qatʼiyroq qiladi: Do sit down.

The very + ot — «aynan», «xuddi oʻsha»: This is the very book I was looking for. the very first / last / end — «eng birinchi», «eng oxiri». Ot + -self — «shaxsan oʻzi»: the director herself.

The thing is / The point is / The problem is + (that) gap — asosiy fikrni oldinga chiqaradi: The thing is, I don't have enough money. Bunga yaqin vosita — cleft sentences (What I need is…) — alohida mavzu.

Shakllar

Emphatic do

do / does / did + base verb (stressed)
Do + base verb! (imperative)

I did tell you about the meeting — you just forgot.

the very bilan taʼkid

the very + noun
the very + first / last / best / end

We met on the very first day of school.

-self bilan taʼkid

noun / pronoun + myself / herself / themselves …

The headteacher herself came to congratulate us.

Inkorni kuchaytirish

not … at all
no + noun + whatsoever
not a single + noun

There was no reason whatsoever to panic.

the thing is iborasi

The thing / point / problem / truth is (that) + clause

The thing is, I've already promised to help my uncle.

Qachon ishlatiladi

Emphatic do: eʼtiroz bildirish, toʻgʻrilash yoki iliq taklif

I know you think I'm lazy, but I do work hard. — Bilaman, meni dangasa deb oʻylaysan, lekin men rostdan ham qattiq mehnat qilaman.
He doesn't play football much now, but he did play a lot as a child. — U hozir kam futbol oʻynaydi, lekin bolaligida rostdan ham koʻp oʻynagan.
Do sit down — you must be tired. — Oʻtiring, iltimos — charchagandirsiz.

the very va -self: aynan shu narsa yoki shaxsni taʼkidlash

That's the very jacket I wanted to buy! — Bu aynan men olmoqchi boʻlgan kurtka-ku!
The author herself signed my copy of the book. — Kitobimga muallifning oʻzi dastxat qoʻyib berdi.

Inkorni kuchaytirish

I didn't understand the lecture at all. — Maʼruzani umuman tushunmadim.
Not a single student was late today. — Bugun birorta ham oʻquvchi kechikmadi.

The thing is / The point is: asosiy fikrni yoki muammoni oldinga chiqarish

The thing is, I've already spent all my pocket money. — Gap shundaki, choʻntak pulimning hammasini sarflab boʻldim.
The point is that we need to start earlier. — Asosiy gap shuki, biz ertaroq boshlashimiz kerak.

Oʻzbek tili bilan farqi

Oʻzbek tilida taʼkid asosan yuklamalar va soʻzlar bilan beriladi: «-ku», «-da», «aynan», «xuddi», «rostdan ham», «oʻzi» (muallifning oʻzi), «umuman», «birorta ham». Ingliz tilida esa grammatik vosita kerak: «Men rostdan ham ishlayman» → I do work — do qoʻshiladi va feʼl birinchi shaklda qoladi; «I do worked» yoki «She does likes» deyilmaydi. «Aynan oʻsha kitob» → the very book. «Muallifning oʻzi» → the author herself: -self otdan keyin keladi. «Gap shundaki» → The thing is, «The matter is» emas.

Eslatmalar

Emphatic do faqat Present Simple va Past Simple tasdiq gaplarida (va buyruq gapda) ishlatiladi. Boshqa zamonlarda yordamchi feʼlning oʻzi urgʻu bilan aytiladi: I have finished! She is coming! Rasmiy yozuvda ham uchraydi: The results do suggest a link.
Kuchli inkor iboralari: not in the least (I'm not in the least worried), by no means, no … whatsoever (eng kuchlisi). Savolni kuchaytirish: What on earth are you doing? Why ever did you say that?
IELTS Speaking: I do think…, The thing is… — tabiiy va ravon eshitiladi. IELTS Writing boʻlimida the thing is ishlatmang (norasmiy), lekin do suggest, the very va not a single mos keladi.

Keng tarqalgan xatolar

✗ I did told you about the test! ✓ I did tell you about the test!
Emphatic did shaklidan keyin feʼl birinchi shaklda keladi.
✗ She does speaks three languages. ✓ She does speak three languages.
does soʻzidan keyin feʼlga -s qoʻshilmaydi.
✗ The matter is, I don't have time. ✓ The thing is, I don't have time.
«Gap shundaki» inglizchada the thing is yoki the point is.
✗ I don't know nothing at all about it. ✓ I don't know anything at all about it.
Ingliz gapida faqat bitta inkor boʻladi.

Mini test

1. You never listen to me! — That's not true. I ___ listen to you. do / am / does

Javob: do. I bilan Present Simple tasdiqni kuchaytirish — do + feʼl.

2. We arrived on the ___ last day of the festival. much / very / same

Javob: very. the very last — «eng oxirgi».

3. I'm not tired ___. Let's keep going. anything / whatsoever not / at all

Javob: at all. Inkorni kuchaytirish: not … at all.

4. The ___ is, I don't really want to go to the party. matter / thing / case

Javob: thing. Turgʻun ibora: The thing is…

5. He ___ remember my birthday last year — he even bought me a cake! did / does / had

Javob: did. Oʻtgan zamonni kuchaytirish — did + feʼlning birinchi shakli.

По-русски: Средства эмфазы (усиления)

Чтобы усилить часть высказывания, возразить или выразить чувства.

В английском есть несколько грамматических способов усилить мысль. Главные: усилительное do (I do like it), the very (the very first day), -self (the author herself), усиление отрицания (not … at all, no … whatsoever) и вводные фразы the thing is, the point is.

Усилительное do: в утвердительном предложении перед глаголом ставится do / does / did, а глагол остаётся в начальной форме: She does speak Russian. We did try. Обычно это возражение — кто-то думал или сказал обратное: «You don't like plov! — I do like plov!» В речи do произносится с сильным ударением. В повелительном предложении do делает приглашение теплее и настойчивее: Do sit down.

The very + существительное — «именно тот», «тот самый»: This is the very book I was looking for. The very first / last / end — «самый первый», «самый конец». Существительное + -self — «сам, лично»: the director herself.

The thing is / The point is / The problem is + (that) придаточное — выводит главную мысль вперёд: The thing is, I don't have enough money. Близкое средство — cleft sentences (What I need is…) — это отдельная тема.

Сравнение с русским и узбекским

В русском усиление передаётся частицами и интонацией: «же», «ведь», «действительно», «именно», «тот самый», «сам», «вообще», «ни один». В английском таких частиц нет, поэтому нужны грамматические средства: «Я же тебе говорил!» → I did tell you! (did + глагол в начальной форме, не told). «Тот самый день» → the very day, «сам директор» → the director himself. «Дело в том, что…» → The thing is (that)…; калька «The matter is that…» — ошибка. И помните: в стандартном английском двойное отрицание невозможно — «ничего не знаю» = I don't know anything.

Bogʻliq mavzular

Ingliz tilini Safiya bilan oʻrganing

Qisqa darslar, 12 ta oʻyin, hikoyalar va oʻzbek yoki rus tilida tushuntiradigan sunʼiy intellekt oʻqituvchisi — A1 dan IELTS gacha. Учите английский с Сафией — на узбекском или русском.

Bepul boshlash Ilovani yuklab olish