Safiya
Oʻtmishdagi kelasi zamon
Oʻtmishda hali kelajak boʻlgan narsalar — rejalar, vaʼdalar va bashoratlar haqida gapirish uchun. B2
Baʼzan biz oʻtmishga qaytib, oʻsha paytda hali kelajak boʻlgan narsani aytamiz: «U kelaman dedi», «Senga qoʻngʻiroq qilmoqchi edim». Buning uchun kelasi zamon shakllarini bir qadam orqaga «suramiz»: will → would, am going to → was going to, am meeting → was meeting.
was / were going to koʻpincha amalga oshmagan rejani bildiradi: I was going to call you, but my phone died. — «Qoʻngʻiroq qilmoqchi edim, lekin telefonim oʻchib qoldi». would esa xabar gaplarda va oʻtmishdagi vaʼda yoki bashoratda keladi: She said she would help me. I knew it would be a great day.
Juda yaqin kelajak uchun was / were about to ishlatiladi — «endigina ...moqchi edim»: We were about to leave when it started to rain.
Shakllar
subject + was / were going to + verb
subject + wasn't / weren't going to + verbWe were going to play football, but it rained.
subject + would ('d) + verb
subject + would not (wouldn't) + verbHe promised he would bring my charger back.
subject + was / were about to + verbI was about to go to bed when my friend called.
Qachon ishlatiladi
Amalga oshmagan yoki oʻzgargan rejalar: was / were going to
- I was going to watch the match, but I fell asleep. — Oʻyinni koʻrmoqchi edim, lekin uxlab qolibman.
- We were going to visit Bukhara last summer, but our car broke down. — Oʻtgan yozda Buxoroga bormoqchi edik, lekin mashinamiz buzilib qoldi.
Oʻtmishdagi vaʼda, fikr va bashoratlar: would
- Malika said she would be a bit late. — Malika biroz kechikishini aytdi.
- I knew you would like this song. — Bu qoʻshiq senga yoqishini bilardim.
- They promised they wouldn't tell anyone. — Ular hech kimga aytmaslikka vaʼda berishdi.
Oʻtmishdagi kelishuvlar va endi boshlanay deb turgan ishlar
- I was meeting Aziz at six, so I couldn't stay longer. — Soat oltida Aziz bilan uchrashishim kerak edi, shuning uchun uzoq qola olmadim.
- The film was about to start when the lights went out. — Film endi boshlanmoqchi edi, shu payt chiroq oʻchib qoldi.
Hikoyada keyin nima boʻlganini oldindan aytish: would
- That day she met the teacher who would change her life. — Oʻsha kuni u hayotini oʻzgartirib yuboradigan oʻqituvchi bilan tanishdi.
Oʻzbek tili bilan farqi
Oʻzbek tilida tayyor shakllar bor: «bormoqchi edim» ≈ was going to, «keladigan edi» ≈ was going to / would, «endi chiqmoqchi edik» ≈ were about to. Asosiy xato xabar gapda chiqadi: oʻzbekcha «U kelaman dedi» gapida kelasi zamon oʻzgarmaydi, shuning uchun He said he will come deyiladi. Ingliz tilida oʻtgan zamondagi said, promised, knew feʼllaridan keyin will odatda would shakliga aylanadi.
Eslatmalar
- I was going to ask you something — bu hozirgi muloyim soʻrov ham boʻladi: soʻrovni yumshatadi.
- Xabar gapda, agar aytilgan narsa hozir ham kelajak boʻlsa, will qolishi mumkin: She said she will call tomorrow. Lekin vaqti oʻtib ketgan boʻlsa, faqat would.
- IELTS Speaking Part 2 qismida oʻzgargan reja haqida gapirganda juda tabiiy eshitiladi: I was going to study law, but then I discovered programming.
Keng tarqalgan xatolar
- ✗ She said she will help me, but she didn't. ✓ She said she would help me, but she didn't.
Vaʼda oʻtmishda berilgan va vaqti oʻtgan — will emas, would. - ✗ I was going to called you, but I forgot. ✓ I was going to call you, but I forgot.
going to iborasidan keyin feʼl lugʻat shaklida keladi. - ✗ I knew you will win the competition. ✓ I knew you would win the competition.
knew — oʻtgan zamon, undan keyingi kelajak — would. - ✗ We were about leaving when it started to rain. ✓ We were about to leave when it started to rain.
Tuzilma: be about to + feʼl.
Mini test
1. I ___ you, but my phone battery died. will call / was going to call / am going to call
Javob: was going to call. Amalga oshmagan oʻtmishdagi reja — was going to.
2. Kamola promised she ___ me with my maths homework, but she forgot. would help / will help / helps
Javob: would help. promised — oʻtmish, vaʼdaning vaqti oʻtgan: would help.
3. We were ___ leave the house when the phone rang. going / would / about to
Javob: about to. Endi chiqmoqchi edik — were about to + feʼl.
4. Everyone thought our team ___ win the final, but they lost. would / will / is going to
Javob: would. thought — oʻtmish, oʻsha paytdagi bashorat: would.
5. I ___ to the party, but I felt ill, so I stayed at home. would go / was going to go / went
Javob: was going to go. Reja bor edi, lekin amalga oshmadi — was going to go.
По-русски: Будущее в прошедшем
Для того, что в прошлом ещё было будущим: планов, обещаний и прогнозов.
Иногда мы возвращаемся в прошлое и говорим о том, что тогда ещё было будущим: «Он сказал, что придёт», «Я собирался тебе позвонить». Для этого формы будущего сдвигаются на шаг назад: will → would, am going to → was going to, am meeting → was meeting.
was / were going to часто обозначает план, который не осуществился: I was going to call you, but my phone died. — «Я собирался позвонить, но телефон разрядился». would используется в косвенной речи и в обещаниях или прогнозах в прошлом: She said she would help me. I knew it would be a great day.
Для очень близкого будущего есть was / were about to — «как раз собирался, вот-вот»: We were about to leave when it started to rain.
Сравнение с русским и узбекским
«Я собирался позвонить» хорошо соответствует I was going to call, а «как раз собирался уходить» — I was about to leave. Главная ловушка — согласование времён: в русском «Он сказал, что придёт» будущее остаётся будущим, поэтому говорят He said he will come. В английском после said, promised, knew, thought в прошедшем will обычно превращается в would: He said he would come.
Bogʻliq mavzular
- Be going to: reja va bashorat A2
- Kelasi oddiy zamon (will) A2
- Oʻzlashtirma gap: darak gaplar B1
- Oʻtgan davomli zamon A2
- Oʻtgan tugallangan zamon B1
Qisqa darslar, 12 ta oʻyin, hikoyalar va oʻzbek yoki rus tilida tushuntiradigan sunʼiy intellekt oʻqituvchisi — A1 dan IELTS gacha. Учите английский с Сафией — на узбекском или русском.