Safiya
Oʻtgan davomli zamon
Oʻtmishning maʼlum bir paytida davom etayotgan harakat haqida gapirish uchun. A2
Past Continuous oʻtmishdagi bir lahzada jarayonda boʻlgan ishni bildiradi. Kecha soat sakkizda nima qilayotgan edingiz? I was watching a film. Film soat sakkizdan oldin boshlangan va undan keyin ham davom etgan.
Tuzilishi: was / were + feʼl + -ing. I, he, she, it bilan was, you, we, they bilan were: She was sleeping. They were playing football.
Bu zamon hikoyalarda ham koʻp ishlatiladi — voqea qanday vaziyatda boʻlganini tasvirlash uchun: The sun was shining and the children were playing in the park.
Shakllar
I / he / she / it + was + verb-ing
you / we / they + were + verb-ingAt ten o'clock last night I was reading in bed.
I / he / she / it + wasn't + verb-ing
you / we / they + weren't + verb-ingSorry, we weren't listening to the teacher.
Was / Were + subject + verb-ing?
Yes, I was. / No, they weren't.Was it raining in Tashkent yesterday morning?
Qachon ishlatiladi
Oʻtmishning aniq bir paytida davom etayotgan harakat
- At 7 o'clock yesterday I was having breakfast. — Kecha soat yettida nonushta qilayotgan edim.
- This time last week we were travelling to Bukhara. — Oʻtgan hafta shu paytda Buxoroga ketayotgan edik.
Bir vaqtda davom etgan ikki harakat
- While Mum was cooking plov, Dad was reading the news. — Oyim osh pishirayotganda, dadam yangiliklarni oʻqiyotgan edi.
- I was doing my homework and my sister was playing games. — Men uy vazifamni qilayotgan edim, singlim esa oʻyin oʻynayotgan edi.
Hikoyada fon va vaziyatni tasvirlash
- It was a cold evening. Snow was falling and people were hurrying home. — Sovuq oqshom edi. Qor yogʻayotgan, odamlar uylariga shoshilayotgan edi.
Oʻzbek tili bilan farqi
Oʻzbek tilida juda yaqin shakl bor: «-ayotgan edi» — «uy vazifamni qilayotgan edim» = I was doing my homework. Shuning uchun maʼnoni tushunish oson. Xatolar boshqa joyda. Birinchidan, was / were tushib qoladi («I doing homework») yoki you, we, they bilan was ishlatiladi. Ikkinchidan, oʻzbekcha «-ardi» («har yozda qishloqqa borardik») — bu takroriy odat, uni Past Continuous bilan emas, Past Simple yoki used to bilan aytish kerak: Every summer we went to the village.
Eslatmalar
- Holat feʼllari (know, like, want, understand) odatda Past Continuous boʻlmaydi: I knew the answer, I was knowing emas.
- -ing shaklining yozilishi Present Continuous bilan bir xil: make → making, swim → swimming, study → studying.
- Oʻtmishda koʻp marta takrorlangan odatlar uchun Past Continuous emas, Past Simple yoki used to ishlatiladi: Every summer we went to the village.
Keng tarqalgan xatolar
- ✗ They was playing football. ✓ They were playing football.
you, we, they bilan were ishlatiladi. - ✗ She was cook dinner. ✓ She was cooking dinner.
was / were shakllaridan keyin feʼlning -ing shakli kerak. - ✗ I was knowing the answer. ✓ I knew the answer.
know — holat feʼli, Continuous boʻlmaydi. - ✗ Every summer we were going to the village. ✓ Every summer we went to the village.
Takroriy odat — Past Simple, Past Continuous emas.
Mini test
1. This time yesterday we ___ in the sea. swam / were swimming / was swimming
Javob: were swimming. This time yesterday — oʻtmishdagi aniq lahzada jarayon; we bilan were.
2. My friends ___ playing football in the park. were / was / are being
Javob: were. My friends = they, shuning uchun were.
3. While Mum was cooking, I ___ the table. was setting / were setting / am setting
Javob: was setting. Bir vaqtda davom etgan ikki harakat; I bilan was.
4. ___ you sleeping when I called? Was / Were / Did
Javob: Were. you bilan were; -ing bilan Did ishlatilmaydi.
5. I ___ the answer to the last question. was knowing / were knowing / knew
Javob: knew. know — holat feʼli, Past Simple kerak.
По-русски: Прошедшее длительное время
Для действия, которое длилось в определённый момент в прошлом.
Past Continuous описывает действие, которое было в процессе в какой-то момент прошлого. Что вы делали вчера в восемь вечера? I was watching a film. Фильм начался до восьми и продолжался после.
Строится так: was / were + глагол + -ing. С I, he, she, it — was, с you, we, they — were: She was sleeping. They were playing football.
Это время часто встречается в рассказах — чтобы описать фон, обстановку: The sun was shining and the children were playing in the park.
Сравнение с русским и узбекским
В русском нет отдельного длительного прошедшего времени, есть несовершенный вид: «я делал уроки». Он соответствует и I was doing my homework (в процессе), и I did my homework, и повторяющимся действиям. Поэтому бывают две ошибки. Одни избегают Past Continuous: «At eight I did my homework», хотя речь о процессе. Другие переводят каждый несовершенный вид через was + -ing: «Every summer we were going to the village». Для привычек в прошлом нужен Past Simple или used to: Every summer we went to the village.
Bogʻliq mavzular
- Oʻtgan oddiy va oʻtgan davomli zamon A2
- To be feʼlining oʻtgan zamoni: was / were A1
- Hozirgi davomli zamon A1
- Oʻtgan oddiy zamon: notoʻgʻri feʼllar A1
- Used to: oʻtmishdagi odatlar A2
Qisqa darslar, 12 ta oʻyin, hikoyalar va oʻzbek yoki rus tilida tushuntiradigan sunʼiy intellekt oʻqituvchisi — A1 dan IELTS gacha. Учите английский с Сафией — на узбекском или русском.