Be going to: reja va bashorat

Oldindan qilingan rejalar va hozir koʻrinib turgan belgilarga qarab bashorat qilish uchun. A2

be going to — kelajak haqida gapirishning eng oddiy yoʻllaridan biri. Uni ikki holatda ishlatamiz. Birinchisi — reja yoki niyat: siz gapirishdan oldin qaror qilgansiz. I am going to visit my grandma on Saturday — bu haqda allaqachon oʻylab qoʻyganman.

Ikkinchisi — bashorat, agar hozir biror belgi koʻrinib tursa: Look at those clouds! It is going to rain. Bulutlar koʻrinib turibdi, demak yomgʻir yogʻadi.

Tuzilishi: am / is / are + going to + feʼlning lugʻatdagi shakli. am / is / are shakllarini unutmang: I am going to play, she is going to study. going to iborasidan keyin feʼl hech qachon -s yoki -ing olmaydi.

Shakllar

Tasdiq gap

I + am + going to + verb
he / she / it + is + going to + verb
you / we / they + are + going to + verb

My brother is going to study in Tashkent next year.

Inkor gap

I + am not + going to + verb
he / she / it + isn't + going to + verb
you / we / they + aren't + going to + verb

We aren't going to watch the match tonight.

Soʻroq gap

Am / Is / Are + subject + going to + verb?
Yes, I am. / No, she isn't.

Are you going to buy a new phone?

Qachon ishlatiladi

Reja va niyatlar — gapirishdan oldin qaror qilingan

I'm going to learn Korean this summer. — Bu yoz koreys tilini oʻrganmoqchiman.
What are you going to do after school? — Maktabdan keyin nima qilmoqchisan?
She isn't going to come to the birthday party — she's got an exam. — U tugʻilgan kun bazmiga kelmaydi — imtihoni bor.

Bashorat — hozir koʻrinib turgan belgilarga qarab

Look at the sky! It's going to rain. — Osmonga qara! Yomgʻir yogʻadiganga oʻxshaydi.
Hurry up! We're going to miss the bus. — Tezroq! Avtobusga ulgurmay qolamiz.
Be careful! That glass is going to fall. — Ehtiyot boʻl! Stakan tushib ketadi.

Oʻzbek tili bilan farqi

Oʻzbek tilida reja uchun -moqchi qoʻshimchasi bor: «boramoqchiman», «oʻqimoqchiman». Maʼno jihatdan u going to iborasiga juda yaqin. Lekin -moqchi bitta qoʻshimcha, inglizchada esa uch qism kerak: am / is / are + going to + feʼl. Shuning uchun eng koʻp uchraydigan xato — am / is / are shakllarini tushirib qoldirish: «I going to visit». Yana bir tuzoq: «-moqchiman»ni har doim I want to deb tarjima qilish. I want to — xohlayman, I'm going to — reja qilganman. «Yomgʻir yogʻadiganga oʻxshaydi» kabi bashorat ham going to bilan aytiladi: It's going to rain.

Eslatmalar

go feʼli bilan koʻpincha «going to go» oʻrniga qisqaroq Present Continuous ishlatiladi: I'm going to the park tomorrow. Ikkalasi ham toʻgʻri.
Soʻzlashuvda going to koʻpincha gonna deb talaffuz qilinadi: I'm gonna call you. Bu juda norasmiy — yozma ishda va imtihonda faqat going to yozing.
Agar qaror hozir, gapirayotgan paytda qilinsa, going to emas, will kerak: The phone's ringing. I'll get it.

Keng tarqalgan xatolar

✗ I going to visit my aunt. ✓ I'm going to visit my aunt.
am / is / are tushib qolmasligi kerak.
✗ She is going to plays tennis. ✓ She is going to play tennis.
going to iborasidan keyin feʼl lugʻatdagi shaklda keladi, -s qoʻshilmaydi.
✗ Are you going visit Samarkand? ✓ Are you going to visit Samarkand?
to tushib qolmasin: going to + feʼl.
✗ What you are going to do? ✓ What are you going to do?
Savolda are egadan oldin keladi.

Mini test

1. I ___ going to buy a new bag. is / am / are

Javob: am. I bilan am ishlatiladi.

2. Look at those black clouds! It ___ rain. is going to / goes to / going to

Javob: is going to. Belgi koʻrinib turibdi — bashorat: is going to.

3. They ___ going to watch the match. They're too tired. don't / aren't / isn't

Javob: aren't. Inkorda be + not: they aren't going to.

4. ___ your brother going to study in Tashkent? Does / Is / Are

Javob: Is. your brother = he, savolda Is oldinga chiqadi.

5. We're going to ___ plov for dinner. cooks / cooking / cook

Javob: cook. going to iborasidan keyin feʼlning lugʻatdagi shakli.

По-русски: Конструкция be going to

Для заранее принятых планов и прогнозов по тому, что мы видим сейчас.

be going to — один из самых простых способов говорить о будущем. Мы используем его в двух случаях. Первый — план или намерение: вы решили это ещё до разговора. I am going to visit my grandma on Saturday — я уже это обдумал.

Второй — прогноз, когда сейчас есть явные признаки: Look at those clouds! It is going to rain. Тучи видны — значит, будет дождь.

Строится так: am / is / are + going to + глагол в словарной форме. Не забывайте am / is / are: I am going to play, she is going to study. После going to глагол никогда не получает -s или -ing.

Сравнение с русским и узбекским

В русском есть почти точный аналог — «собираюсь + инфинитив»: «Я собираюсь поехать в Самарканд» = I'm going to go to Samarkand. Но в разговоре русскоязычные чаще говорят просто «поеду», и это переводят как I will go. Для плана, который вы уже обдумали, в английском естественнее going to. Прогноз по видимым признакам — «сейчас пойдёт дождь», «мы опоздаем» — тоже передаётся через going to: It's going to rain. И следите за глаголом be: «I going to…» без am — частая ошибка.

Bogʻliq mavzular

Ingliz tilini Safiya bilan oʻrganing

Qisqa darslar, 12 ta oʻyin, hikoyalar va oʻzbek yoki rus tilida tushuntiradigan sunʼiy intellekt oʻqituvchisi — A1 dan IELTS gacha. Учите английский с Сафией — на узбекском или русском.

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