Hozirgi davomli zamon

Hozir, gapirayotgan paytda boʻlayotgan ish haqida gapirish uchun. A1

Present Continuous hozir, ayni paytda davom etayotgan ishni bildiradi: «Men hozir kitob oʻqiyapman» — I'm reading a book now. Ish boshlangan, lekin hali tugamagan.

U am / is / are + feʼl + -ing bilan tuziladi: I am reading, she is reading, they are reading. Ogʻzaki nutqda qisqa shakllar ishlatiladi: I'm, she's, they're.

Inkorda am / is / are shakllaridan keyin not keladi: She isn't sleeping. Savolda am / is / are oldinga chiqadi: Are you listening?

Shakllar

Tasdiq gap

I + am ('m) + verb-ing
he / she / it + is ('s) + verb-ing
you / we / they + are ('re) + verb-ing

Look! It's snowing.

Inkor gap

I + 'm not + verb-ing
he / she / it + isn't + verb-ing
you / we / they + aren't + verb-ing

We aren't playing outside because it's raining.

Savol

Am I / Is he / Are you + verb-ing?
— Yes, I am. / No, he isn't.

What are you doing? — I'm doing my homework.

Qachon ishlatiladi

Hozir, ayni paytda boʻlayotgan ish

I'm talking to my friend on the phone. — Men doʻstim bilan telefonda gaplashyapman.
Look! The children are dancing. — Qara! Bolalar raqs tushyapti.

Shu kunlarda vaqtincha boʻlayotgan ish

My sister is studying for her exams this week. — Opam bu hafta imtihonlarga tayyorlanyapti.
We're staying with our grandma in Samarkand this month. — Bu oy Samarqandda buvimiznikida turibmiz.

Oʻzbek tili bilan farqi

Oʻzbek tilida hozirgi davomli harakat feʼlning oʻzida: oʻqiyapman, yozyapti. Ingliz tilida esa ikki qism kerak: am / is / are va -ing. Shuning uchun koʻpincha am / is / are tushib qoladi: «I reading», «She playing» — bu xato. Yana: oʻzbekchada «tushunyapman», «yoqyapti» deyish mumkin, ingliz tilida esa understand, like, want, know odatda Present Continuous bilan ishlatilmaydi: I understand.

Eslatmalar

-ing shaklining yozilishi: oxiridagi -e tushib qoladi: write → writing, make → making. Bir boʻgʻinli feʼl «bitta unli + bitta undosh» bilan tugasa, oxirgi undosh ikkilanadi: run → running, swim → swimming, sit → sitting (lekin read → reading, help → helping).
Baʼzi feʼllar holatni bildiradi va odatda -ing olmaydi: like, love, want, know, understand. I know the answer (I'm knowing emas).
Look! va Listen! soʻzlaridan keyin koʻpincha Present Continuous keladi, chunki biz hozir boʻlayotgan narsani koʻrsatamiz: Listen! Someone is singing.

Keng tarqalgan xatolar

✗ I reading a book now. ✓ I'm reading a book now.
-ing shakli oldidan am / is / are kerak.
✗ Listen! Someone sings. ✓ Listen! Someone is singing.
Ish hozir boʻlyapti, shuning uchun Present Continuous.
✗ She is wanting a new phone. ✓ She wants a new phone.
want — holat feʼli, odatda -ing olmaydi.
✗ He is swiming in the pool. ✓ He is swimming in the pool.
swim bir boʻgʻinli va «unli + undosh» bilan tugaydi, shuning uchun m ikkilanadi.

Mini test

1. Be quiet! The baby ___. sleeps / is sleeping / sleeping

Javob: is sleeping. Chaqaloq hozir uxlayapti — is sleeping.

2. Look! It ___. is raining / rains / raining

Javob: is raining. Look! — hozir boʻlayotgan narsa, shuning uchun is raining.

3. They ___ football right now — they're at the cinema. don't play / not playing / aren't playing

Javob: aren't playing. Hozirgi paytdagi inkor: aren't + -ing.

4. ___ you listening to me? Do / Are / Is

Javob: Are. you bilan Are, keyin -ing.

5. My brother is ___ a message to his friend. writing / writeing / writting

Javob: writing. write oxiridagi -e tushib qoladi: writing.

По-русски: Настоящее длительное время

Чтобы рассказать о том, что происходит прямо сейчас.

Present Continuous обозначает действие, которое происходит сейчас, в момент речи: «Я сейчас читаю книгу» — I'm reading a book now. Действие началось, но ещё не закончилось.

Оно строится так: am / is / are + глагол + -ing: I am reading, she is reading, they are reading. В разговорной речи используют краткие формы: I'm, she's, they're.

В отрицании после am / is / are ставится not: She isn't sleeping. В вопросе am / is / are выходит вперёд: Are you listening?

Сравнение с русским и узбекским

В русском одно настоящее время: «Я читаю» — это и «сейчас», и «обычно». В английском это два разных времени: I read (обычно) и I'm reading (сейчас). Поэтому русскоговорящие часто говорят «Look, it rains» вместо It's raining. Вторая ошибка — забыть am / is / are: «I reading», «She watching TV». Помните: -ing не работает без be. А с like, know, want, understand -ing обычно не ставят, даже если речь о «сейчас»: I understand now.

Bogʻliq mavzular

Ingliz tilini Safiya bilan oʻrganing

Qisqa darslar, 12 ta oʻyin, hikoyalar va oʻzbek yoki rus tilida tushuntiradigan sunʼiy intellekt oʻqituvchisi — A1 dan IELTS gacha. Учите английский с Сафией — на узбекском или русском.

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