Safiya
Noaniq olmoshlar
Odam, narsa yoki joyni aniq aytmasdan gapirish uchun: someone, anything, nowhere, everybody. A2
Bu soʻzlar odam, narsa yoki joy haqida aniq aytmasdan gapirish uchun kerak. Ular ikki qismdan tuziladi: some- / any- / no- / every- + -one / -body (odam), -thing (narsa), -where (joy). -one va -body bir xil: someone = somebody.
some- tasdiq gaplarda ishlatiladi: I've got something for you. any- inkor gaplarda va savollarda: I don't know anyone here. Is there anything in the fridge? no- «hech» degani va inkorni oʻzi bildiradi: Nobody called. every- «hamma, har»: Everyone likes plov.
Bu soʻzlar bilan feʼl birlikda boʻladi: Everyone is here. Somebody wants to see you.
Shakllar
some- / every- + one / body / thing / whereSomeone is at the door.
not ... any- + one / body / thing / where
= no- + one / body / thing / where (verb is positive)I didn't see anybody. = I saw nobody.
Is / Do / Did ... + any- + one / body / thing / where?Did anyone call me?
Qachon ishlatiladi
some- — tasdiq gaplarda: kimdir, nimadir, qayerdadir
- Somebody took my pen. — Kimdir ruchkamni olib qoʻyibdi.
- I want to eat something sweet. — Biror shirin narsa yegim kelyapti.
- Let's go somewhere this weekend. — Shu dam olish kunlari biror joyga boraylik.
any- — inkor gaplarda va savollarda
- Does anyone have a charger? — Birortangizda zaryadlovchi bormi?
- I can't find my keys anywhere. — Kalitlarimni hech qayerdan topa olmayapman.
no- — «hech»: feʼl tasdiq shaklda qoladi
- Nobody knows the answer. — Javobni hech kim bilmaydi.
- There's nothing in the box. — Qutida hech narsa yoʻq.
every- — hamma, har bir
- Everyone in my class has a phone. — Sinfimizda hammaning telefoni bor.
- I looked everywhere. — Hamma joyni qidirdim.
Oʻzbek tili bilan farqi
Oʻzbek tilida ikki inkor birga keladi: «Hech kim kelmadi», «Hech narsa bilmayman». Ingliz tilida esa inkor bitta: Nobody came (feʼl tasdiqda) yoki I don't know anything. Shuning uchun «Nobody didn't come» degan xato koʻp uchraydi. Moslik: kimdir = someone, biror narsa = something / anything, hech kim = nobody, hamma = everyone. «Hamma» bilan oʻzbekchada koʻplik ham boʻladi (hamma kelishdi), lekin «everyone»dan keyin feʼl birlikda: Everyone is ready.
Eslatmalar
- Ingliz tilida gapda faqat bitta inkor boʻladi: I don't know anything yoki I know nothing — «I don't know nothing» emas.
- Feʼl birlikda (Everybody is ready), lekin keyin koʻpincha they / their deyiladi: Someone left their bag here.
- Taklif va iltimosda savol boʻlsa ham some- ishlatiladi: Would you like something to drink? Can someone help me?
- Sifat va else bu soʻzlardan keyin keladi: something new, nothing special, someone else. no one ikki soʻz bilan yoziladi.
Keng tarqalgan xatolar
- ✗ I don't know nobody here. ✓ I don't know anybody here.
Gapda bitta inkor boʻladi: don't + anybody. - ✗ Nobody didn't come to the party. ✓ Nobody came to the party.
nobody inkorni oʻzi bildiradi, feʼl tasdiqda qoladi. - ✗ Everybody are ready. ✓ Everybody is ready.
everybody bilan feʼl birlikda: is. - ✗ I didn't buy something. ✓ I didn't buy anything.
Inkor gapda any- ishlatiladi.
Mini test
1. There's ___ at the door. Can you open it? anyone / someone / no one
Javob: someone. Tasdiq gap — some-: someone.
2. I'm hungry, but there isn't ___ in the fridge. nothing / something / anything
Javob: anything. isn't allaqachon inkor, shuning uchun anything.
3. ___ is here, so we can start the lesson. Everyone / Anyone / Nothing
Javob: Everyone. Maʼno «hamma keldi» — everyone.
4. I looked for my phone, but I couldn't find it ___. somewhere / anywhere / nowhere
Javob: anywhere. couldn't inkor, shuning uchun anywhere; nowhere ikkinchi inkor boʻlib qoladi.
5. Everybody ___ the new teacher. likes / like / are liking
Javob: likes. everybody bilan feʼl birlikda: likes.
По-русски: Неопределённые местоимения
Чтобы говорить о человеке, предмете или месте, не называя их точно: someone, anything, nowhere, everybody.
Эти слова нужны, чтобы говорить о человеке, предмете или месте, не называя их точно. Они состоят из двух частей: some- / any- / no- / every- + -one / -body (человек), -thing (предмет), -where (место). -one и -body значат одно и то же: someone = somebody.
some- — в утвердительных предложениях: I've got something for you. any- — в отрицаниях и вопросах: I don't know anyone here. Is there anything in the fridge? no- значит «ни-» и уже само делает предложение отрицательным: Nobody called. every- — «все, каждый»: Everyone likes plov.
Глагол с этими словами стоит в единственном числе: Everyone is here. Somebody wants to see you.
Сравнение с русским и узбекским
В русском двойное отрицание — норма: «Никто не пришёл», «Я ничего не знаю». В английском отрицание только одно: Nobody came или I didn't see anybody. Русские -то и -нибудь примерно соответствуют some- и any-: кто-то пришёл = someone came; кто-нибудь звонил? = did anyone call? «Все» в русском — множественное число (все готовы), а everyone требует единственного: Everyone is ready.
Bogʻliq mavzular
- Some va any A1
- There is / there are: … bor A1
- Kishilik olmoshlari A1
- both, either, neither: ikkalasi, biri, hech biri B1
- all, most, some, none, each, every: miqdor soʻzlari B1
Qisqa darslar, 12 ta oʻyin, hikoyalar va oʻzbek yoki rus tilida tushuntiradigan sunʼiy intellekt oʻqituvchisi — A1 dan IELTS gacha. Учите английский с Сафией — на узбекском или русском.