It's time, would rather va had better

Biror ish vaqti kelganini, nimani afzal koʻrishni va kuchli maslahatni aytish uchun. B2

It's time — biror ish vaqti keldi. It's time to go — umumiy: ketish vaqti boʻldi. It's time we went — «allaqachon ketishimiz kerak edi», biroz tanqid ohangi bor. Diqqat: maʼno hozirgi vaqt haqida, lekin feʼl oʻtgan zamonda! It's high time / about time — yanada kuchliroq.

Would rather ('d rather) — afzal koʻrish, «…ganim maʼqul». Undan keyin «to»siz feʼl keladi: I'd rather stay at home. Ikki narsani solishtirish uchun than: I'd rather walk than take the bus. Boshqa odam nima qilishini xohlasak — would rather + odam + oʻtgan zamon: I'd rather you didn't tell anyone.

Had better ('d better) — kuchli maslahat yoki ogohlantirish: aytilganini qilmasang, yomon narsa boʻladi. Undan keyin ham «to»siz feʼl: You'd better hurry. Inkor: had better not. Had oʻtgan zamonga oʻxshasa ham, maʼno hozirgi yoki kelajak haqida.

Shakllar

It's time: vaqt keldi

It's time + to + verb
It's (high / about) time + subject + past simple

It's late. It's time you went to bed.

Would rather: afzal koʻrish

subject + would rather ('d rather) + verb (+ than + verb)
subject + would rather + person + past simple
I'd rather not + verb

I'd rather walk than take the bus.

Had better: kuchli maslahat

subject + had better ('d better) + verb
subject + had better not + verb

You'd better take an umbrella — it's going to rain.

Qachon ishlatiladi

It's time — biror ishni qilish vaqti keldi (yoki allaqachon kech)

It's time to start revising for the exams. — Imtihonlarga takrorlashni boshlash vaqti keldi.
It's time we bought a new fridge — this one is so noisy. — Yangi muzlatkich oladigan vaqt allaqachon keldi — bunisi juda shovqin qiladi.
It's high time you cleaned your room! — Xonangni allaqachon yigʻishtirishing kerak edi!

Would rather — oʻzi nimani afzal koʻrishi

I'd rather have plov than pizza tonight. — Bugun kechqurun pitsadan koʻra osh yeganim maʼqul.
'Do you want to go out?' 'I'd rather not — I'm tired.' — — Koʻchaga chiqasanmi? — Yoʻq, chiqmay qoʻya qolay, charchadim.

Would rather + boshqa odam + oʻtgan zamon — boshqa odamdan nimani xohlashimiz

I'd rather you didn't use my phone. — Telefonimni ishlatmasang yaxshi boʻlardi.
My parents would rather I studied medicine. — Ota-onam tibbiyotni oʻqishimni xohlashadi.

Had better — aniq vaziyatda kuchli maslahat yoki ogohlantirish

We'd better hurry or we'll miss the train. — Shoshilganimiz maʼqul, aks holda poyezddan qolamiz.
You'd better not tell Mum about the broken vase. — Singan vaza haqida oyimga aytmaganing maʼqul.

Oʻzbek tili bilan farqi

Oʻzbek tilida bu maʼnolar oddiy shakllar bilan beriladi: «Uxlash vaqti boʻldi», «Uyda qolganim maʼqul», «Yaxshisi, soyabon ol». Ingliz tilida esa tayyor qoliplar bor va ular gʻalati tuyuladi: hozirgi vaqt haqida gapirsak ham oʻtgan zamon ishlatiladi (It's time you went, I'd rather you didn't). Oʻzbek oʻquvchilar koʻpincha «maʼqul» maʼnosini toʻliq feʼl deb oʻylab, to qoʻshib yuborishadi (had better to go) yoki would rather + odamdan keyin hozirgi zamon ishlatishadi.

Eslatmalar

had better should soʻzidan kuchliroq va faqat aniq vaziyat uchun: You should eat more vegetables (umumiy maslahat), You'd better leave now (hozir, aks holda kechikasan). Kattalarga aytganda tahdiddek eshitilishi mumkin.
prefer bilan farqi: I prefer tea to coffee, lekin I'd rather have tea than coffee. prefer to oladi, would rather esa than.
Suhbatda deyarli doim qisqa shakl: I'd rather, you'd better. Norasmiy nutqda «You better go» ham eshitiladi, lekin yozuvda emas.
IELTS Speaking boʻlimida afzallikni tabiiy aytish uchun: Personally, I'd rather live in a small town than a big city.

Keng tarqalgan xatolar

✗ You'd better to take a jacket. ✓ You'd better take a jacket.
had better iborasidan keyin «to»siz feʼl keladi.
✗ It's time we go home. ✓ It's time we went home.
It's time + egadan keyin oʻtgan zamon.
✗ I'd rather to stay at home tonight. ✓ I'd rather stay at home tonight.
would rather iborasidan keyin to qoʻyilmaydi.
✗ I'd rather you don't tell anyone. ✓ I'd rather you didn't tell anyone.
would rather + boshqa odam — oʻtgan zamon.

Mini test

1. It's ten o'clock. It's time you ___ to bed. go / went / going

Javob: went. It's time + ega + oʻtgan zamon.

2. I'd rather ___ a film at home than go out. watch / to watch / watching

Javob: watch. would rather + «to»siz feʼl.

3. You'd better ___ late for the exam tomorrow. don't be / not to be / not be

Javob: not be. Inkor: had better not + feʼl.

4. My dad would rather I ___ so much time on my phone. didn't spend / don't spend / not spend

Javob: didn't spend. would rather + boshqa odam — oʻtgan zamon.

5. It's time ___ revising for the test. start / to start / started

Javob: to start. Egasiz qolipda It's time + to + feʼl.

По-русски: It's time, would rather и had better

Чтобы сказать, что пора что-то сделать, что вы предпочли бы и дать настойчивый совет.

It's time — пора что-то сделать. It's time to go — нейтрально: пора идти. It's time we went — «нам уже давно пора», с оттенком упрёка. Внимание: смысл о настоящем, но глагол в прошедшем времени! It's high time / about time — ещё сильнее.

Would rather ('d rather) — предпочтение, «я бы лучше…». После него глагол без to: I'd rather stay at home. Для сравнения двух вариантов — than: I'd rather walk than take the bus. Если мы хотим, чтобы что-то сделал другой человек, — would rather + человек + прошедшее время: I'd rather you didn't tell anyone.

Had better ('d better) — настойчивый совет или предупреждение: если не сделать, будет плохо. После него тоже глагол без to: You'd better hurry. Отрицание: had better not. Хотя had похоже на прошедшее время, речь идёт о настоящем или будущем.

Сравнение с русским и узбекским

В русском это передаётся словами «пора», «лучше», «я бы лучше»: «Пора идти», «Тебе лучше уйти», «Я бы лучше остался дома». Логику прошедшего времени понять легко: в русском «Я бы предпочёл, чтобы ты никому не говорил» и «Пора, чтобы ты лёг спать» после «чтобы» тоже стоит форма на -л, хотя речь о настоящем или будущем, — так же, как в I'd rather you didn't tell anyone и It's time you went to bed. Но русскоязычные часто ставят to после had better и would rather (под влиянием «лучше сделать») и путают would rather с would prefer to.

Bogʻliq mavzular

Ingliz tilini Safiya bilan oʻrganing

Qisqa darslar, 12 ta oʻyin, hikoyalar va oʻzbek yoki rus tilida tushuntiradigan sunʼiy intellekt oʻqituvchisi — A1 dan IELTS gacha. Учите английский с Сафией — на узбекском или русском.

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