make va let: majburlash va ruxsat

Kimnidir biror ishni qilishga majbur qilish (make) yoki ruxsat berish (let) haqida. B1

make someone do something — kimnidir biror ishni qilishga majbur qilmoq yoki bunga sabab boʻlmoq: My mum makes me clean my room. — Oyim meni xonamni yigʻishtirishga majbur qiladi. The film made me cry. — Film meni yigʻlatdi.

let someone do something — ruxsat bermoq: My parents let me stay up late at weekends. — Ota-onam dam olish kunlari kech yotishimga ruxsat beradi.

Ikkalasidan keyin ham feʼl oldida to boʻlmaydi: make me laugh, let him go. let feʼlining uchala shakli bir xil: let – let – let; make esa make – made – made.

Shakllar

make feʼli

make + object + verb (without to)
make + object + adjective

Our teacher made us rewrite the essay.

let feʼli

let + object + verb (without to)

Let me help you with that bag.

Inkor

don't / doesn't / didn't + make / let + object + verb

My dad didn't let me go to the concert.

Qachon ishlatiladi

make — majbur qilmoq

The coach made us run ten laps. — Murabbiy bizni oʻn aylana yugurtirdi.
My mum makes me eat vegetables. — Oyim meni sabzavot yeyishga majbur qiladi.

make — sabab boʻlmoq (his-tuygʻu, holat)

That joke made everyone laugh. — Bu hazil hammani kuldirdi.
Onions make me cry. — Piyoz meni yigʻlatadi.
Long trips make me tired. — Uzoq safarlar meni charchatadi.

let — ruxsat bermoq

My parents let me use their laptop. — Ota-onam noutbuklaridan foydalanishimga ruxsat beradi.
The teacher didn't let us use our phones in class. — Ustoz darsda telefondan foydalanishimizga ruxsat bermadi.
Let me know when you get home. — Uyga yetib borganingda xabar ber.

Oʻzbek tili bilan farqi

Oʻzbek tilida bu maʼno koʻpincha feʼlning orttirma nisbati bilan beriladi: kuldirdi (made me laugh), yigʻlatdi (made me cry), yugurtdi (made us run). Yoki «majbur qildi», «ruxsat berdi», «qoʻymadi» degan soʻzlar bilan. Ingliz tilida esa alohida feʼl kerak: make yoki let + kim + feʼl. want to go, allow me to go kabi tuzilmalarga oʻrganib qolgan oʻquvchilar let me to go, made me to clean deb xato qiladi — make va let feʼllaridan keyin to kerak emas.

Eslatmalar

Majhul nisbatda make bilan to paydo boʻladi: We were made to wait for an hour. let majhul nisbatda ishlatilmaydi — be allowed to kerak: I was not allowed to go.
allow maʼnosi let bilan bir xil, lekin to bilan keladi: My parents allow me to stay up late = My parents let me stay up late.
Let me… — yordam taklif qilish yoki vaqt soʻrash uchun: Let me carry that. Let me think. Taklif uchun esa Let's (= let us): Let's go!
help feʼlidan keyin to boʻlishi ham, boʻlmasligi ham mumkin: She helped me (to) find my keys.

Keng tarqalgan xatolar

✗ My mum made me to tidy my room. ✓ My mum made me tidy my room.
make + kim + feʼl, «to»siz.
✗ My parents don't let me to stay out late. ✓ My parents don't let me stay out late.
«let»dan keyin ham to kerak emas.
✗ I was let to go home early. ✓ I was allowed to go home early.
let majhul nisbatda ishlatilmaydi — be allowed to.
✗ This song makes me feeling happy. ✓ This song makes me feel happy.
«make»dan keyin feʼlning oddiy shakli keladi, -ing emas.

Mini test

1. The teacher made us ___ the test again. to write / write / writing

Javob: write. make + kim + feʼl, «to»siz.

2. My dad ___ drive his car. He says I'm too young. doesn't let me / doesn't let me to / doesn't allow me

Javob: doesn't let me. let + kim + feʼl, «to»siz: doesn't let me drive; allow bilan esa to kerak: doesn't allow me to drive.

3. We ___ to wait outside for twenty minutes. made / were let / were made

Javob: were made. Majhul nisbat: were made to wait.

4. That sad film ___ cry. I couldn't stop! made me to / made me / allowed me

Javob: made me. Film yigʻlashga sabab boʻldi — made me cry, «to»siz; allow bilan esa to kerak boʻlardi va maʼnosi «ruxsat berdi».

5. My parents let me ___ my friends at the weekend. visit / to visit / visiting

Javob: visit. let + kim + feʼl, «to»siz.

По-русски: make и let: заставлять и разрешать

Когда кого-то заставляют что-то сделать (make) или разрешают (let).

make someone do something — заставить кого-то что-то сделать или стать причиной этого: My mum makes me clean my room. — Мама заставляет меня убирать комнату. The film made me cry. — Фильм довёл меня до слёз.

let someone do something — разрешить: My parents let me stay up late at weekends. — Родители разрешают мне поздно ложиться по выходным.

После обоих глаголов инфинитив идёт без to: make me laugh, let him go. У let все три формы одинаковые: let – let – let; у make: make – made – made.

Сравнение с русским и узбекским

В русском после «заставить», «разрешить», «позволить» идёт инфинитив, поэтому так и хочется сказать made me to clean. Но после make и let to не ставится: made me clean, let me go. Русские «рассмешить», «довести до слёз» передаются через make: made me laugh, made me cry. А «Нас заставили ждать» в пассиве — We were made to wait, здесь to уже нужно. «Мне не разрешили» — I wasn't allowed to, а не I wasn't let.

Bogʻliq mavzular

Ingliz tilini Safiya bilan oʻrganing

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