So va such: shunchalik, shunday

Sifat yoki otning maʼnosini kuchaytirish va natijani aytish uchun. B1

So va such maʼnoni kuchaytiradi — «juda» soʻziga oʻxshaydi, lekin his-tuygʻu koʻproq: The film was so funny! It was such a funny film!

Farqi — ulardan keyin nima kelishida. so + sifat yoki ravish (otsiz): so tired, so fast. such + ot (oldida sifat boʻlishi mumkin): such a nice day, such good friends. Birlikdagi sanaladigan ot bilan such a / an keladi.

Koʻpincha natija ham aytiladi: so / such … (that) …: It was so hot that we stayed at home. It was such a long film that I fell asleep. Ogʻzaki nutqda that tushib qolishi mumkin.

Shakllar

so + sifat / ravish

so + adjective / adverb

The film was so funny.

such + ot

such + a / an + (adjective) + singular noun
such + (adjective) + plural / uncountable noun

It was such a funny film.

Natija: that

so + adjective + (that) + clause
such + (a / an) + adjective + noun + (that) + clause

It was so hot that we stayed at home.

Qachon ishlatiladi

so + sifat yoki ravish

Your sister is so kind! — Opang juda mehribon-a!
He speaks English so well. — U ingliz tilida shunday yaxshi gapiradi!
I'm so tired today. — Bugun juda charchadim.

such + (sifat) + ot; birlikda — such a / an

It was such a beautiful day. — Shunday goʻzal kun edi.
They are such good friends. — Ular shunday yaxshi doʻstlar.
We had such nice weather in Samarkand. — Samarqandda havo shunday yaxshi edi.

Natija: so / such … (that) …

The test was so easy that everyone passed. — Test shunchalik oson ediki, hamma oʻtdi.
It was such a long journey that we slept in the car. — Yoʻl shunchalik uzoq ediki, mashinada uxlab qoldik.
There were so many people at the bazaar that we couldn't move. — Bozorda odam shunchalik koʻp ediki, qimirlay olmadik.

Oʻzbek tili bilan farqi

Oʻzbek tilida «shunchalik», «shunday», «shunaqa» ham sifat oldida, ham ot oldida kela oladi: «shunday chiroyli», «shunday chiroyli kun». Ingliz tilida esa tanlash kerak: otsiz — so (so beautiful), ot bilan — such (such a beautiful day). Oʻzbek tilida artikl yoʻq, shuning uchun a tushib qoladi: such nice day emas, such a nice day boʻlishi kerak. Natija qismi esa -ki qoʻshimchasiga oʻxshaydi: «Shunchalik charchadimki, uxlab qoldim» = I was so tired that I fell asleep.

Eslatmalar

Miqdor bildiruvchi many, much, few, little bilan faqat so ishlatiladi: so many people, so much homework (such many — xato). Lekin such a lot of toʻgʻri.
Artikl tartibi: such a nice day (a such nice day — xato).
Ogʻzaki nutqda that koʻpincha tushiriladi: I was so tired I went to bed at nine.
Rasmiy yozuvda (masalan, IELTS inshosida) natijasiz so va such ogʻzaki eshitiladi; u yerda very yoki extremely yaxshiroq.

Keng tarqalgan xatolar

✗ The weather was such hot. ✓ The weather was so hot.
Otsiz sifat oldida so ishlatiladi.
✗ She is so nice girl. ✓ She is such a nice girl.
Ot (girl) bor — such a kerak.
✗ It was a such good film. ✓ It was such a good film.
Artikl such soʻzidan keyin keladi: such a.
✗ There were such many people. ✓ There were so many people.
many bilan faqat so ishlatiladi.

Mini test

1. The exam was ___ difficult! such / so / such a

Javob: so. Otsiz sifat (difficult) oldida — so.

2. It was ___ interesting book that I read it in one day. such an / so / such

Javob: such an. Birlikdagi ot (book) va unli tovush bilan boshlangan sifat — such an.

3. We had ___ fun at the party. so / such a / such

Javob: such. fun — sanalmaydigan ot, shuning uchun artiklsiz such.

4. There were ___ people at the concert that we couldn't see the stage. such / so many / so much

Javob: so many. people — sanaladigan koʻplik, demak so many.

5. He runs ___ fast that nobody can catch him. such / such a / so

Javob: so. fast — ravish, undan oldin so keladi.

По-русски: So и such: так, такой

Чтобы усилить прилагательное или существительное и сказать о результате.

So и such усиливают смысл — похоже на «очень», но эмоциональнее: The film was so funny! It was such a funny film!

Разница в том, что идёт после них. so + прилагательное или наречие (без существительного): so tired, so fast. such + существительное (перед ним может быть прилагательное): such a nice day, such good friends. С исчисляемым существительным в единственном числе — such a / an.

Часто добавляется результат: so / such … (that) …: It was so hot that we stayed at home. It was such a long film that I fell asleep. В разговоре that часто опускают.

Сравнение с русским и узбекским

В русском «так» идёт с наречиями и краткими прилагательными, а «такой» — с полными прилагательными и существительными. Отсюда главная ловушка: «Фильм был такой смешной» — здесь нет существительного, поэтому по-английски so funny, а не such funny. «Такой смешной фильм» — уже such a funny film. Артиклей в русском нет, поэтому часто теряется a: such nice day вместо such a nice day. «Так много» — so many / so much, а конструкция «такой…, что» соответствует such … that.

Bogʻliq mavzular

Ingliz tilini Safiya bilan oʻrganing

Qisqa darslar, 12 ta oʻyin, hikoyalar va oʻzbek yoki rus tilida tushuntiradigan sunʼiy intellekt oʻqituvchisi — A1 dan IELTS gacha. Учите английский с Сафией — на узбекском или русском.

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