Sabab va natija bogʻlovchilari

Nima uchun boʻlganini (sabab), nima boʻlganini (natija) va nima maqsadda qilinganini aytish uchun. B1

Bu soʻzlar ikki fikrni bogʻlaydi. because va because of sababni koʻrsatadi («chunki», «…gani uchun»). so va as a result natijani koʻrsatadi («shuning uchun»). so that esa maqsadni bildiradi («…sin deb», «…ishi uchun»).

Eng muhim farq — keyin nima keladi. because soʻzidan keyin toʻliq gap keladi (ega + feʼl): because it was raining. because of birikmasidan keyin esa faqat ot yoki ot birikmasi: because of the rain.

so ikki gapni bitta gapda bogʻlaydi, oldidan odatda vergul qoʻyiladi: It was cold, so we stayed inside. As a result esa odatda yangi gapni boshlaydi va undan keyin vergul qoʻyiladi: He didn't study. As a result, he failed the test.

so that birikmasidan keyin koʻpincha can, could, will yoki would keladi: I'm saving money so that I can buy a new phone.

Shakllar

Sabab

result + because + subject + verb
result + because of + noun

We stayed at home because it was cold. We stayed at home because of the cold.

Natija

reason + , so + subject + verb
Reason. As a result, + result

I was hungry, so I made a sandwich.

Maqsad

action + so that + subject + can / could / will / would + verb

I'm learning English so that I can study abroad.

Qachon ishlatiladi

because + gap, because of + ot — sababni aytish

I didn't go to school because I was ill. — Kasal boʻlganim uchun maktabga bormadim.
The match was cancelled because of the rain. — Yomgʻir sababli oʻyin bekor qilindi.

so — natijani bitta gap ichida aytish

My phone was dead, so I couldn't call you. — Telefonim oʻchib qolgandi, shuning uchun senga qoʻngʻiroq qila olmadim.
The bus was full, so we walked. — Avtobus toʻla edi, shuning uchun piyoda bordik.

As a result — yangi gapda natijani aytish (yozma nutqda koʻp)

Aziz trained every day. As a result, he won the competition. — Aziz har kuni mashq qildi. Natijada u musobaqada gʻolib boʻldi.

so that — maqsadni aytish

Speak louder so that everyone can hear you. — Hamma eshitishi uchun balandroq gapiring.
I set two alarms so that I wouldn't be late. — Kechikmaslik uchun ikkita budilnik qoʻydim.

Oʻzbek tili bilan farqi

Oʻzbek tilida sabab koʻpincha feʼlga qoʻshimcha bilan beriladi: «kasal boʻlganim uchun», «yomgʻir sababli». Ingliz tilida esa alohida soʻz kerak: because + gap yoki because of + ot. Oʻzbekchada sabab qismi odatda oldin keladi («Kasal boʻlganim uchun maktabga bormadim»), shuning uchun oʻquvchilar gapni Because bilan boshlab, ikkinchi qismga yana so qoʻshib yuborishadi: «Because…, so…» — bu xato, bittasi yetarli. Yana bir chalkashlik: «uchun» ham sabab («kasal boʻlganim uchun» = because), ham maqsad («olish uchun» = so that / to) boʻladi — ingliz tilida bular har xil soʻzlar.

Eslatmalar

Sabab va natijani bitta gapda ikki marta belgilamang — because yoki so, bittasini tanlang: «Because it was late, we went home» yoki «It was late, so we went home».
so (natija) va so that (maqsad) har xil: I was tired, so I went to bed (natija). I went to bed early so that I could get up at six (maqsad).
as va since ham «chunki» maʼnosida keladi va koʻpincha gap boshida turadi: As it was late, we took a taxi.

Keng tarqalgan xatolar

✗ Because it was raining, so we stayed at home. ✓ Because it was raining, we stayed at home.
Bitta gapda because va so birga ishlatilmaydi — bittasini tanlang.
✗ The flight was late because of the weather was bad. ✓ The flight was late because the weather was bad.
because of birikmasidan keyin ot keladi (because of the bad weather), toʻliq gapdan oldin esa faqat because.
✗ I was ill so that I didn't go to school. ✓ I was ill, so I didn't go to school.
Bu yerda natija haqida gap ketyapti, shuning uchun so kerak; so that maqsadni bildiradi.
✗ He was tired, as a result he went to bed. ✓ He was tired. As a result, he went to bed.
as a result bogʻlovchi emas: u odatda yangi gapni boshlaydi va undan keyin vergul qoʻyiladi.

Mini test

1. We couldn't play outside ___ the rain. because / because of / so

Javob: because of. the rain — ot, shuning uchun because of.

2. I was hungry, ___ I made a sandwich. so / because / so that

Javob: so. Sendvich qilish — ochlikning natijasi, shuning uchun so.

3. Speak more slowly ___ the new students can understand you. because / as a result / so that

Javob: so that. Bu maqsad (tushunishlari uchun), maqsad uchun so that.

4. She missed the bus. ___, she was late for school. Because / As a result / So that

Javob: As a result. Yangi gap boshida natijani as a result bildiradi.

5. Dilnoza didn't come to the party ___ she had a lot of homework. because of / so / because

Javob: because. Keyin toʻliq gap keladi (she had…) va bu sabab — because.

По-русски: Союзы причины и следствия

Чтобы сказать, почему что-то случилось (причина), что из этого вышло (следствие) и зачем это делают (цель).

Эти слова связывают две мысли. because и because of называют причину («потому что», «из-за»). so и as a result называют следствие («поэтому», «в результате»). so that выражает цель («чтобы»).

Главное — что идёт после них. После because стоит целое предложение (подлежащее + сказуемое): because it was raining. После because of — только существительное или именная группа: because of the rain.

so соединяет две части внутри одного предложения, перед ним обычно ставится запятая: It was cold, so we stayed inside. As a result обычно начинает новое предложение, после него ставится запятая: He didn't study. As a result, he failed the test.

После so that чаще всего идут can, could, will или would: I'm saving money so that I can buy a new phone.

Сравнение с русским и узбекским

Русские «потому что», «из-за», «поэтому», «чтобы» почти один в один соответствуют because, because of, so, so that. Но «из-за того, что» переводят как «because of + предложение» — это ошибка: после because of нужно существительное, а перед предложением — просто because. В разговорном русском встречается «Так как я устал, поэтому ушёл» — в английском так нельзя: только один союз. И ещё: после «чтобы» в русском идёт инфинитив или прошедшее время, а после so that — обычно can / could / will / would.

Bogʻliq mavzular

Ingliz tilini Safiya bilan oʻrganing

Qisqa darslar, 12 ta oʻyin, hikoyalar va oʻzbek yoki rus tilida tushuntiradigan sunʼiy intellekt oʻqituvchisi — A1 dan IELTS gacha. Учите английский с Сафией — на узбекском или русском.

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