Safiya
Bir oz, bir nechta: a few, a little
Oz miqdor haqida: a few — sanaladigan, a little — sanalmaydigan otlar bilan. A2
a few va a little «bir oz, bir nechta» degan maʼnoni beradi. a few sanaladigan otlarning koʻplik shakli bilan keladi: a few friends, a few minutes. a little sanalmaydigan otlar bilan: a little sugar, a little time.
Eʼtibor bering: a maʼnoni oʻzgartiradi. a few / a little — oz, lekin yetarli, bu yaxshi: I have a few friends here (bu yerda bir nechta doʻstim bor). few / little («a»siz) — juda oz, yetarli emas: I have few friends here (doʻstim deyarli yoʻq).
Kundalik nutqda few va little oʻrniga koʻpincha not many va not much deyiladi: I haven't got many friends here.
Shakllar
a few + plural nounI've got a few questions about the homework.
a little + uncountable nounCan I have a little milk in my tea?
(very) few + plural noun
(very) little + uncountable nounVery few students came to the meeting.
Qachon ishlatiladi
a few — bir nechta, kichik son (ijobiy maʼno)
- I'll be ready in a few minutes. — Bir necha daqiqada tayyor boʻlaman.
- We visited a few museums in Bukhara. — Buxoroda bir nechta muzeyga bordik.
a little — bir oz, kichik miqdor (ijobiy maʼno)
- Add a little salt to the soup. — Shoʻrvaga biroz tuz soling.
- I speak a little French. — Men biroz fransuzcha gapiraman.
few / little — juda oz, yetarli emas (salbiy maʼno), koʻpincha very bilan
- The film was boring, so very few people watched it. — Film zerikarli edi, shuning uchun uni juda kam odam koʻrdi.
- Hurry up! We have very little time. — Tezroq! Vaqtimiz juda kam.
Oʻzbek tili bilan farqi
Oʻzbek tilida ham ikki xil soʻz bor va ular ingliz tiliga yaxshi mos keladi: «bir nechta» ≈ a few (bir nechta doʻst = a few friends), «biroz» ≈ a little (biroz suv = a little water). «Kam» esa few / little soʻzlariga yaqin: «doʻstlarim kam» = I have few friends. Farqi: «bir nechta»dan keyin ot birlikda qoladi (bir nechta kitob), ingliz tilida esa koʻplik kerak: a few books. Yana bir xavf: «a»ni tushirib qoldirsangiz, maʼno «kam, yetarli emas»ga oʻzgaradi.
Eslatmalar
- a little sifat va feʼl bilan ham keladi va «biroz» degani: I'm a little tired. She smiled a little.
- Yolgʻiz few va little biroz kitobiy. Nutqda very few, very little yoki not many, not much deyiladi.
- Norasmiy nutqda a little oʻrniga a bit of ham deyiladi: a bit of money, a bit of help.
Keng tarqalgan xatolar
- ✗ I have a little friends in this city. ✓ I have a few friends in this city.
friends sanaladi, shuning uchun a few. - ✗ Can I have a few water? ✓ Can I have a little water?
water sanalmaydi, shuning uchun a little. - ✗ I can't buy it. I have a little money. ✓ I can't buy it. I have very little money.
Maʼno «yetarli emas», shuning uchun «a»siz: very little. - ✗ Wait a few minute, please. ✓ Wait a few minutes, please.
a few iborasidan keyin ot koʻplikda boʻladi.
Mini test
1. There are ___ apples in the bag. a little / a few / little
Javob: a few. apples sanaladi — a few.
2. Would you like ___ sugar in your tea? a few / few / a little
Javob: a little. sugar sanalmaydi, maʼno ijobiy — a little.
3. Very ___ students passed the test because it was so hard. few / a few / little
Javob: few. students sanaladi va maʼno «juda kam» — very few.
4. I speak ___ Russian, but not very well. a few / a little / few
Javob: a little. Til sanalmaydi va maʼno «biroz bilaman» — a little.
5. We've got ___ time before the train, so let's have a cup of tea. a little / a few / little
Javob: a little. Vaqt yetarli (choy ichishga ulguramiz), time sanalmaydi — a little.
По-русски: Немного, несколько: a few, a little
О небольшом количестве: a few — с исчисляемыми, a little — с неисчисляемыми.
a few и a little значат «немного, несколько». a few употребляется с исчисляемыми во множественном числе: a few friends, a few minutes. a little — с неисчисляемыми: a little sugar, a little time.
Обратите внимание: a меняет смысл. a few / a little — немного, но достаточно, это хорошо: I have a few friends here (у меня здесь есть несколько друзей). few / little (без a) — мало, недостаточно: I have few friends here (друзей почти нет).
В разговоре вместо few и little чаще говорят not many и not much: I haven't got many friends here.
Сравнение с русским и узбекским
Русские соответствия: «несколько» = a few, «немного» = a little, «мало» = few / little. Ловушка в том, что «немного» в русском подходит и к исчисляемым (немного людей), а a little — только к неисчисляемым: a few people, а не «a little people». И «мало» — это не «a little»: «у меня мало денег» = I have very little money / I haven't got much money, а «a little money» значит «немного, но есть».
Bogʻliq mavzular
- Sanaladigan va sanalmaydigan otlar A2
- Much, many va a lot of A2
- Some va any A1
- all, most, some, none, each, every: miqdor soʻzlari B1
- too va enough A2
Qisqa darslar, 12 ta oʻyin, hikoyalar va oʻzbek yoki rus tilida tushuntiradigan sunʼiy intellekt oʻqituvchisi — A1 dan IELTS gacha. Учите английский с Сафией — на узбекском или русском.