Safiya
Much, many va a lot of
Koʻp miqdor haqida: many — sanaladigan, much — sanalmaydigan otlar bilan, a lot of — ikkalasi bilan. A2
Uchala soʻz ham «koʻp» degan maʼnoni beradi, lekin ular turli otlar bilan ishlatiladi.
many — sanaladigan otlarning koʻplik shakli bilan: many friends, many books. much — sanalmaydigan otlar bilan: much time, much money. a lot of (yoki lots of) — ikkalasi bilan ham: a lot of friends, a lot of money.
Tasdiq gaplarda odatda a lot of deyiladi: We've got a lot of homework. much va many koʻproq inkor gaplarda va savollarda ishlatiladi: I haven't got much time. How many brothers have you got?
Shakllar
a lot of / lots of + plural noun
a lot of / lots of + uncountable nounWe've got a lot of friends in Samarkand.
not ... many + plural noun
not ... much + uncountable nounThere aren't many shops here, and I haven't got much money.
How many + plural noun ...?
How much + uncountable noun ...?How many lessons have you got today?
Qachon ishlatiladi
many — sanaladigan otlarning koʻplik shakli bilan, ayniqsa savol va inkorda
- How many languages do you speak? — Nechta tilda gapirasan?
- There aren't many people in the park today. — Bugun parkda odam koʻp emas.
much — sanalmaydigan otlar bilan, asosan savol va inkorda
- I don't have much free time. — Boʻsh vaqtim koʻp emas.
- Is there much traffic in Tashkent in the morning? — Ertalab Toshkentda tirbandlik koʻpmi?
a lot of / lots of — tasdiq gaplarda, ikkala turdagi otlar bilan
- Our teacher gives us a lot of homework. — Oʻqituvchimiz bizga koʻp uy vazifasi beradi.
- My cousin has lots of games on his phone. — Amakivachchamning telefonida oʻyinlar juda koʻp.
Oʻzbek tili bilan farqi
Oʻzbek tilida bitta «koʻp» soʻzi hamma otlar bilan ishlatiladi: koʻp kitob, koʻp suv, koʻp vaqt. Ingliz tilida esa otning turiga qarab many yoki much tanlanadi. Savollarda oʻxshashlik bor: «nechta?» ≈ How many, «qancha?» ≈ How much. Yana bir farq: «koʻp»dan keyin ot birlikda qoladi (koʻp kitob), ingliz tilida esa koʻplik kerak: many books.
Eslatmalar
- Gap oxirida, otsiz, a lot deyiladi («of»siz): He talks a lot. Thanks a lot!
- Narxni soʻrash uchun How much...?: How much is this T-shirt? How much are these shoes?
- many tasdiq gapda ham toʻgʻri, ayniqsa gap boshida: Many people in Tashkent speak Russian. Tasdiq gapda much esa juda rasmiy eshitiladi — uning oʻrniga a lot of deng.
- lots of = a lot of, faqat biroz norasmiyroq.
Keng tarqalgan xatolar
- ✗ How much brothers have you got? ✓ How many brothers have you got?
brothers sanaladi, shuning uchun How many. - ✗ There were very much people at the concert. ✓ There were a lot of people at the concert.
people sanaladi, much bilan ishlatilmaydi; tasdiq gapda a lot of tabiiy. - ✗ I don't have many money. ✓ I don't have much money.
money sanalmaydi, shuning uchun much. - ✗ We have a lot homework. ✓ We have a lot of homework.
Otdan oldin a lot of — of tushib qolmasin.
Mini test
1. How ___ sisters have you got? much / many / a lot
Javob: many. sisters sanaladi — How many.
2. I haven't got ___ time today. much / many / a lot
Javob: much. time sanalmaydi va gap inkor — much.
3. There are ___ tourists in Samarkand in summer. much / a lot / a lot of
Javob: a lot of. Otdan oldin a lot of kerak, much esa sanaladigan ot bilan kelmaydi.
4. How ___ is this T-shirt? much / many / lot
Javob: much. Narxni How much bilan soʻraymiz.
5. My dad works ___. a lot of / a lot / many
Javob: a lot. Gap oxirida otsiz a lot deyiladi, «of»siz.
По-русски: Much, many и a lot of
О большом количестве: many — с исчисляемыми, much — с неисчисляемыми, a lot of — с теми и другими.
Все три слова значат «много», но употребляются с разными существительными.
many — с исчисляемыми во множественном числе: many friends, many books. much — с неисчисляемыми: much time, much money. a lot of (или lots of) — с теми и другими: a lot of friends, a lot of money.
В утвердительных предложениях обычно говорят a lot of: We've got a lot of homework. much и many чаще встречаются в отрицаниях и вопросах: I haven't got much time. How many brothers have you got?
Сравнение с русским и узбекским
В русском «много» и «сколько» подходят для всего: много книг, много воды, сколько стоит. В английском надо выбирать: many — для того, что считается, much — для того, что не считается. Из-за русского родительного падежа часто теряют или добавляют of: правильно a lot of friends, но many friends (не «many of friends»). Калька с «очень много людей» — «very much people» — неверна, говорят a lot of people.
Bogʻliq mavzular
- Sanaladigan va sanalmaydigan otlar A2
- Bir oz, bir nechta: a few, a little A2
- Some va any A1
- too va enough A2
- all, most, some, none, each, every: miqdor soʻzlari B1
Qisqa darslar, 12 ta oʻyin, hikoyalar va oʻzbek yoki rus tilida tushuntiradigan sunʼiy intellekt oʻqituvchisi — A1 dan IELTS gacha. Учите английский с Сафией — на узбекском или русском.