Oʻtgan zamon payt iboralari

Oʻtmishda biror narsa qachon, qancha vaqt va nima bilan bir vaqtda boʻlganini aytish uchun. B1

Bu soʻzlar oʻtmishdagi voqeani vaqtga bogʻlaydi. ago hozirdan qancha oldin boʻlganini aytadi va vaqtdan keyin keladi: two years ago («ikki yil oldin»). for qancha vaqt davom etganini aytadi: for three hours.

during va while — «…davomida», «…ayotganda». Farqi grammatikada: during soʻzidan keyin ot keladi (during the lesson), while soʻzidan keyin esa toʻliq gap (while I was walking home). while bilan koʻpincha Past Continuous ishlatiladi.

before va after soʻzlaridan keyin ot, -ing shakli yoki toʻliq gap kelishi mumkin: after school, before leaving, after we had lunch.

Shakllar

Qachon va qancha vaqt

period + ago
for + period

We moved to Tashkent three years ago. We lived in Bukhara for ten years.

Bir vaqtda

during + noun
while + subject + verb

My phone rang during the lesson, while the teacher was talking.

Oldin va keyin

before / after + noun
before / after + verb-ing
before / after + subject + verb

After school, we played football.

Qachon ishlatiladi

ago — hozirdan qancha oldin (Past Simple bilan)

I saw her two days ago. — Uni ikki kun oldin koʻrdim.
My grandparents built this house a long time ago. — Bobom va buvim bu uyni ancha oldin qurishgan.

for — qancha vaqt davom etgani

We waited for the bus for forty minutes. — Avtobusni qirq daqiqa kutdik.
He lived in Moscow for three years. — U Moskvada uch yil yashagan.

during + ot, while + gap — biror narsa davomida

I fell asleep during the film. — Film paytida uxlab qoldim.
I fell asleep while I was watching the film. — Film koʻrayotganimda uxlab qoldim.

before va after — oldin va keyin

We went to the bazaar after lunch. — Tushlikdan keyin bozorga bordik.
After finishing her homework, she called her friend. — Uy vazifasini tugatgach, u dugonasiga qoʻngʻiroq qildi.
I had breakfast before I left. — Chiqishdan oldin nonushta qildim.

Oʻzbek tili bilan farqi

Oʻzbek tilida «ikki yil oldin» deyiladi, «oldin» esa before ham boʻladi — shuning uchun oʻquvchilar «before two years» deb yuborishadi. Toʻgʻrisi: two years ago. «davomida» ham for, ham «during»ni bildiradi: «ikki soat davomida» = for two hours, «dars davomida» = during the lesson — shundan «during two hours» xatosi chiqadi. Oʻzbekchada «-dan oldin», «-dan keyin» otdan keyin keladi («darsdan keyin»), inglizchada esa oldinda: after the lesson. «-ayotganimda» = while I was + -ing.

Eslatmalar

ago oʻtgan zamon (odatda Past Simple) bilan keladi, Present Perfect bilan hech qachon: I met him three days ago, «I have met him three days ago» emas.
for — qancha vaqt (for two hours), during — qaysi voqea paytida (during the holidays). «during two hours» deyilmaydi.
two years before — hozirdan emas, oʻtmishdagi boshqa bir paytdan oldin: When I met him, he had moved to Tashkent two years before. Hozirdan hisoblasak — ago.

Keng tarqalgan xatolar

✗ I came to Tashkent before two years. ✓ I came to Tashkent two years ago.
Hozirdan qancha oldin — ago, va u vaqtdan keyin turadi.
✗ We played football during two hours. ✓ We played football for two hours.
Qancha vaqt davom etgani — for; «during»dan keyin voqea nomi keladi.
✗ My phone rang during I was sleeping. ✓ My phone rang while I was sleeping.
Keyin toʻliq gap (I was sleeping) keladi, shuning uchun while.
✗ I have met him three days ago. ✓ I met him three days ago.
ago bilan Present Perfect ishlatilmaydi — Past Simple kerak.

Mini test

1. We moved to this flat five years ___, and we still live here. before / ago / during

Javob: ago. Vaqt hozirdan hisoblanyapti (hali ham shu yerda yashaymiz) — ago; five years before oʻtmishdagi boshqa paytdan hisoblanadi.

2. I was at the dentist ___ an hour. during / while / for

Javob: for. Qancha vaqt davom etgani — for.

3. Nobody talked ___ the exam. during / while / ago

Javob: during. the exam — ot (voqea nomi), shuning uchun during.

4. I cut my finger ___ I was cooking dinner. during / while / for

Javob: while. Keyin toʻliq gap keladi (I was cooking), shuning uchun while.

5. ___ the lesson, we went to the canteen. After / While / Ago

Javob: After. the lesson — ot; «while»dan keyin gap kerak, ago esa vaqtdan keyin keladi. Shuning uchun After.

По-русски: Выражения времени в прошлом

Чтобы сказать, когда, как долго и одновременно с чем что-то произошло в прошлом.

Эти слова привязывают событие в прошлом ко времени. ago говорит, как давно это было, и ставится после отрезка времени: two years ago («два года назад»). for говорит, сколько это длилось: for three hours.

during и while — «во время», «пока». Разница грамматическая: после during идёт существительное (during the lesson), после while — целое предложение (while I was walking home). С while часто используется Past Continuous.

После before и after может стоять существительное, форма -ing или целое предложение: after school, before leaving, after we had lunch.

Сравнение с русским и узбекским

Русское «два года назад» удобно: назад стоит после срока, как и ago. Но в русском одно прошедшее время, и, выучив Present Perfect, многие ставят его и с ago — так нельзя: I saw him three days ago. «В течение» значит и for, и during: «в течение двух часов» = for two hours, а «во время урока» = during the lesson — отсюда ошибка «during two hours». «Пока я шёл» = while I was walking: русскому несовершенному виду здесь часто соответствует Past Continuous. А «перед тем как уйти» — before leaving или before I left, но не «before leave».

Bogʻliq mavzular

Ingliz tilini Safiya bilan oʻrganing

Qisqa darslar, 12 ta oʻyin, hikoyalar va oʻzbek yoki rus tilida tushuntiradigan sunʼiy intellekt oʻqituvchisi — A1 dan IELTS gacha. Учите английский с Сафией — на узбекском или русском.

Bepul boshlash Ilovani yuklab olish