Uch qismli frazali feʼllar

Feʼl + ravish + predlogdan iborat, bitta soʻzdek ishlatiladigan feʼllar uchun. C1

Uch qismli frazali feʼllar feʼl + ravish (up, out, down…) + predlog (with, of, to, on…) qismlaridan iborat: put up with (chidamoq), come up with (oʻylab topmoq), run out of (… tugab qolmoq). Ularning maʼnosi koʻpincha alohida soʻzlardan kelib chiqmaydi, shuning uchun ularni bitta soʻz kabi yodlash kerak.

Bunday feʼllarning deyarli hammasi toʻldiruvchi talab qiladi va ajralmaydi: toʻldiruvchi — ot yoki olmosh — har doim oxirida keladi: I can't put up with it — «put it up with» emas.

Savol va nisbiy gaplarda predlog gap oxirida qoladi: What did you come up with? This is the noise I can't put up with. Agar oxirgi soʻz to boʻlsa (look forward to, face up to), undan keyin feʼl -ing shaklida keladi: I look forward to seeing you.

Shakllar

Darak gap

subject + verb + particle + preposition + object

I can't put up with this noise any more.

Olmosh bilan

verb + particle + preposition + pronoun
(not: verb + pronoun + particle + preposition)

His music is loud, but I put up with it.

Savol

Wh- word + auxiliary + subject + verb + particle + preposition?

What did you come up with?

Qachon ishlatiladi

Kundalik hayot: run out of, keep up with, get on with

We've run out of bread — can you buy some? — Nonimiz tugab qoldi — olib kela olasanmi?
I can't keep up with my classmates in maths. — Matematikada sinfdoshlarimga yetib ololmayapman.
Stop talking and get on with your work. — Gapirishni bas qilib, ishingni davom ettir.

Munosabatlar: look up to, look down on, stand up for

I really look up to my older brother. — Akamni juda hurmat qilaman va undan oʻrnak olaman.
She always stands up for her friends. — U doim doʻstlarini himoya qiladi.
Don't look down on people who know less than you. — Sendan kamroq biladigan odamlarga past nazar bilan qarama.

Gʻoyalar va muammolar: come up with, face up to, get away with, cut down on

Who came up with the idea of a class trip to Bukhara? — Buxoroga sinf sayohati gʻoyasini kim oʻylab topdi?
You won't get away with copying your friend's homework. — Doʻstingning uy vazifasini koʻchirib, jazosiz qutulib ketolmaysan.
I'm trying to cut down on sugar. — Shakarni kamaytirishga harakat qilyapman.

Oʻzbek tili bilan farqi

Oʻzbek tilida frazali feʼllar yoʻq: ularning oʻrnida bitta feʼl yoki birikma ishlatiladi — put up with «chidamoq», come up with «oʻylab topmoq». Shuning uchun oʻquvchilar oxirgi predlogni tashlab yuborishadi: «I can't put up this noise». Yana bir farq: «Nonimiz tugadi» gapida ega — non, run out of bilan esa ega — odam: We've run out of bread (of predlogisiz: The bread has run out). «Intiqlik bilan kutmoq» = look forward to + -ing, «look forward to see» emas. Bu feʼllarni predlogi bilan birga, bitta soʻz kabi yodlang.

Eslatmalar

Bir nechta feʼlda toʻldiruvchi oʻrtada keladi: put something down to (… bilan izohlamoq), take someone up on an offer (taklifni qabul qilmoq): I'll take you up on that.
Look forward to, get round to, face up to, own up to iboralaridagi to — predlog, shuning uchun keyin -ing keladi: I look forward to hearing from you.
Uslub: uch qismli feʼllar neytral yoki norasmiy. IELTS Writing Task 2 topshirigʻida bitta soʻzli sinonim akademikroq: put up with → tolerate, come up with → devise, cut down on → reduce. Speaking boʻlimida esa frazali feʼllar nutqni tabiiy qiladi.

Keng tarqalgan xatolar

✗ I can't put up this noise. ✓ I can't put up with this noise.
Oxirgi predlog with tushib qolmasligi kerak.
✗ I look forward to see you. ✓ I look forward to seeing you.
Bu yerda to — predlog, undan keyin -ing keladi.
✗ I really look up at my older brother. ✓ I really look up to my older brother.
Look up to — «hurmat qilib, oʻrnak olmoq»; look up at esa shunchaki «yuqoriga qaramoq».
✗ She came up it with in a minute. ✓ She came up with it in a minute.
Uch qismli feʼl ajralmaydi, olmosh oxirida turadi.

Mini test

1. I don't know how you ___ so much noise every night. put up with / put up / put with

Javob: put up with. «Chidamoq» = put up with, uchala qism kerak.

2. We've run ___ sugar. Can you buy some? out / out of / off from

Javob: out of. Toʻldiruvchi bilan run out of ishlatiladi.

3. Who ___ the idea of a class trip to Samarkand? came up / came with up / came up with

Javob: came up with. «Oʻylab topmoq» = come up with, qismlar shu tartibda.

4. I'm really looking forward ___ you in Tashkent. to see / to seeing / seeing

Javob: to seeing. Look forward to iborasidagi to — predlog, keyin -ing.

5. Slow down, please! I can't ___ you. keep up / keep up with / keep with

Javob: keep up with. Kimgadir ulgurib bormoq — keep up with + toʻldiruvchi.

По-русски: Фразовые глаголы из трёх частей

Для глаголов из трёх слов (глагол + наречие + предлог), которые работают как одно слово.

Фразовые глаголы из трёх частей состоят из глагола + наречия (up, out, down…) + предлога (with, of, to, on…): put up with (терпеть), come up with (придумать), run out of (израсходовать, остаться без…). Их значение обычно нельзя вывести из отдельных слов, поэтому их учат целиком, как одно слово.

Почти все такие глаголы требуют дополнения и не разделяются: дополнение — существительное или местоимение — всегда стоит в конце: I can't put up with it, а не «put it up with».

В вопросах и придаточных предложениях предлог остаётся в конце: What did you come up with? This is the noise I can't put up with. Если последнее слово — to (look forward to, face up to), после него глагол идёт в форме -ing: I look forward to seeing you.

Сравнение с русским и узбекским

В русском те же значения передаются одним глаголом, часто с приставкой: терпеть, придумать, догнать. Приставки немного похожи на английские частицы, но предлог в конце всё равно надо запоминать вместе с глаголом. Иногда предлоги совпадают (мириться с — put up with, смотреть свысока на — look down on), иногда нет. В «У нас закончился хлеб» подлежащее — хлеб, а с run out of — люди: We've run out of bread (без of: The bread has run out). И помните: «с нетерпением жду встречи» — look forward to seeing, а не «to see».

Bogʻliq mavzular

Ingliz tilini Safiya bilan oʻrganing

Qisqa darslar, 12 ta oʻyin, hikoyalar va oʻzbek yoki rus tilida tushuntiradigan sunʼiy intellekt oʻqituvchisi — A1 dan IELTS gacha. Учите английский с Сафией — на узбекском или русском.

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