Safiya
Joy predloglari
Narsa yoki odam qayerda ekanini aytish uchun: in, on, under, next to, between. A1
Joy predloglari narsa qayerda turganini koʻrsatadi. Ular otdan oldin keladi: in the box — qutining ichida.
Asosiylari: in — ichida (in the bag, in Tashkent), on — ustida, sirtida (on the table, on the wall), under — tagida (under the bed), next to — yonida (next to the window), between — orasida (between the bank and the school), behind — orqasida, in front of — oldida, near — yaqinida, opposite — roʻparasida.
Koʻpincha be feʼli yoki there is / there are bilan ishlatiladi: The cat is under the table. There is a park near my school.
Shakllar
subject + am / is / are + preposition + placeMy keys are on the table.
There is / There are + noun + preposition + placeThere are two chairs in front of the TV.
between + A + and + BThe pharmacy is between the café and the school.
Where is / are + subject?
— preposition + placeWhere is the cat? — Under the bed.
Qachon ishlatiladi
in — biror narsaning ichida; shahar, mamlakat
- The milk is in the fridge. — Sut muzlatkichda.
- My cousin lives in Bukhara. — Amakivachcham Buxoroda yashaydi.
- Ali is in his room. — Ali oʻz xonasida.
on — sirtida: stol, devor, pol; bino qavati
- Your phone is on the sofa. — Telefoning divanda.
- There's a map on the wall. — Devorda xarita bor.
- We live on the third floor. — Biz uchinchi qavatda yashaymiz.
Boshqa narsaga nisbatan joy: under, next to, between, behind, in front of, near, opposite
- My shoes are under the bed. — Oyoq kiyimim karavot tagida.
- Come and sit next to me. — Kel, yonimga oʻtir.
- The bus stop is opposite the bazaar. — Avtobus bekati bozorning roʻparasida.
Oʻzbek tili bilan farqi
Oʻzbek tilida joy qoʻshimcha va koʻmakchi bilan ifodalanadi va ular otdan keyin keladi: stolda, qutining ichida, stolning tagida, deraza yonida. Ingliz tilida predlog otdan oldin turadi: on the table, under the table, next to the window. Oʻzbekchada -da qoʻshimchasi ham «ichida», ham «ustida» maʼnosini beradi (stolda, sumkada), ingliz tilida esa farqlash kerak: on the table, in the bag. Shuning uchun «in the table» kabi xatolar uchraydi.
Eslatmalar
- at — biror ish qilinadigan joy yoki nuqta: at home, at school, at work, at the bus stop. home, school, work oldida the qoʻyilmaydi.
- next to — yonma-yon, juda yaqin; near — uzoq emas, yaqin atrofda: The bank is next to the shop. My school is near my house.
- Transport: in a car, in a taxi, lekin on a bus, on a train, on a plane.
- in front of — oldida (bir tomonda); opposite — roʻparasida (qarshi tomonda, masalan, koʻchaning narigi betida).
Keng tarqalgan xatolar
- ✗ The book is in the table. ✓ The book is on the table.
Sirt ustida boʻlsa — on. - ✗ The bank is next the café. ✓ The bank is next to the café.
next soʻzidan keyin to kerak: next to. - ✗ Ali is in the bus. ✓ Ali is on the bus.
Avtobus, poyezd, samolyot bilan on ishlatiladi. - ✗ I am in home now. ✓ I am at home now.
«Uyda» — at home.
Mini test
1. The milk is ___ the fridge. on / in / at
Javob: in. Sut muzlatkichning ichida, shuning uchun in.
2. There's a clock ___ the wall. on / in / under
Javob: on. Devor — sirt, shuning uchun on.
3. The pharmacy is ___ the bank and the café. next / in front / between
Javob: between. Ikki narsa orasida — between A and B.
4. Sit ___ me, Aziz. This chair is free. next to / next / next of
Javob: next to. «Yonida» — next to.
5. I'm ___ home. Come and visit me! in / at / on
Javob: at. «Uyda» — at home.
По-русски: Предлоги места
Чтобы сказать, где находится предмет или человек: in, on, under, next to, between.
Предлоги места показывают, где что находится. Они стоят перед существительным: in the box — в коробке.
Основные: in — в, внутри (in the bag, in Tashkent), on — на поверхности (on the table, on the wall), under — под (under the bed), next to — рядом с (next to the window), between — между (between the bank and the school), behind — за, позади, in front of — перед, near — недалеко от, opposite — напротив.
Чаще всего их используют с глаголом be или с there is / there are: The cat is under the table. There is a park near my school.
Сравнение с русским и узбекским
В русском тоже есть предлоги, и они тоже стоят перед словом, так что принцип знакомый. Но выбор предлога не всегда совпадает: «в автобусе» — on the bus, «на картинке» — in the picture, «на небе» — in the sky, «дома», «в школе» — at home, at school. Кроме того, английское существительное не меняет падеж: «под столом» — under the table, «рядом с окном» — next to the window (без лишнего with). А «между» требует and: between the bank and the school.
Bogʻliq mavzular
- There is / there are: … bor A1
- Vaqt predloglari: at, on, in A1
- Harakat predloglari A2
- To be feʼli: am, is, are A1
Qisqa darslar, 12 ta oʻyin, hikoyalar va oʻzbek yoki rus tilida tushuntiradigan sunʼiy intellekt oʻqituvchisi — A1 dan IELTS gacha. Учите английский с Сафией — на узбекском или русском.