Xabar beruvchi feʼllar

Birovning gapini say va tell oʻrniga uning maqsadini koʻrsatadigan feʼl bilan aytish uchun. B2

Oʻzlashtirma gapda doim say yoki tell ishlatish shart emas. Reporting verbs odam nima qilganini aniq koʻrsatadi: maslahat berdi (advised), rad etdi (refused), tan oldi (admitted), inkor qildi (denied). Sardor said: «I didn't take your charger» oʻrniga qisqa qilib: Sardor denied taking my charger.

Eng qiyini — har bir feʼlning oʻz qolipi bor va uni feʼl bilan birga yodlash kerak. Ayrimlari to + infinitiv oladi (agree, refuse, promise, offer), ayrimlari obʼyekt + to (advise, tell, warn, remind, persuade), ayrimlari -ing (deny, admit, suggest, recommend), ayrimlari esa predlog + -ing (apologise for, insist on, accuse someone of).

Koʻp feʼllar that bilan butun gapni ham qabul qiladi: She admitted that she was wrong. The teacher suggested that we start revising early.

Shakllar

Feʼl + to + infinitiv

agree / refuse / promise / offer / threaten + (not) to + verb

She refused to lend me her phone.

Feʼl + obʼyekt + to

advise / tell / warn / remind / encourage / persuade + someone + (not) to + verb

The doctor advised me to drink more water.

Feʼl + -ing

deny / admit / suggest / recommend + verb-ing
apologise for / insist on + verb-ing
accuse someone of / blame someone for + verb-ing

He denied eating the last piece of cake.

Feʼl + that

admit / deny / suggest / explain / promise + that + subject + verb

The teacher suggested that we should start revising early.

Qachon ishlatiladi

Oʻzi biror ishni qilish yoki qilmaslik haqida: vaʼda, taklif, rad etish, rozilik (to + infinitiv)

Dilnoza offered to help me with maths. — Dilnoza menga matematikadan yordam berishni taklif qildi.
My brother promised not to tell Mum. — Ukam oyimga aytmaslikka vaʼda berdi.

Boshqa odamga maslahat, ogohlantirish yoki eslatma (obʼyekt + to)

The coach warned us not to be late. — Murabbiy bizni kechikmaslik haqida ogohlantirdi.
Mum reminded me to take my keys. — Oyim kalitlarimni olishni eslatdi.

Tan olish, inkor qilish va taklif (-ing yoki that)

Sardor admitted forgetting his homework. — Sardor uy vazifasini unutganini tan oldi.
My friend suggested going to the cinema. — Doʻstim kinoga borishni taklif qildi.

Predlogli feʼllar: kechirim soʻrash, turib olish, ayblash (predlog + -ing)

She apologised for being late. — U kechikkani uchun kechirim soʻradi.
The teacher accused him of copying his friend's essay. — Oʻqituvchi uni doʻstining inshosini koʻchirganlikda aybladi.

Oʻzbek tili bilan farqi

Oʻzbek tilida bu feʼllar koʻpincha «-ishni», «-ganini», «-maslikka» kabi qoʻshimchalar bilan bogʻlanadi: «Olganini tan oldi», «Yordam berishni taklif qildi», «Aytmaslikka vaʼda berdi». Ingliz tilida esa har feʼlning oʻz qolipi bor, uni mantiq bilan topib boʻlmaydi. Oʻzbekcha «menga … qilishni taklif qildi» qolipi «suggested me to go» xatosiga olib keladi. «Taklif qildi» ham ikki xil tarjima qilinadi: oʻzi qilmoqchi boʻlsa — offer, gʻoya bersa — suggest.

Eslatmalar

suggest hech qachon «obʼyekt + to» olmaydi: She suggested going yoki She suggested that I go / should go, lekin «suggested me to go» emas. recommend bilan ham eng xavfsiz yoʻl — -ing yoki that: I recommend booking early.
Inkor not to yoki -ing oldidan keladi: promised not to tell, admitted not doing the work. deny feʼlining oʻzi inkor maʼnosida: He denied taking it (= «olmadim» dedi).
offer va suggest farqi: offer — oʻzi biror ishni qilishni taklif qilish (offered to help); suggest — birga yoki boshqa odam qilishini taklif qilish (suggested going out).
IELTS Writing Task 2 uchun juda foydali: Some people argue that…, Experts claim that…, Critics suggest that… — fikrlarni say feʼlisiz, aniqroq ifodalaydi.

Keng tarqalgan xatolar

✗ She suggested me to buy a new phone. ✓ She suggested that I should buy a new phone.
suggest obʼyekt + to olmaydi: suggest + -ing yoki suggest that.
✗ He denied to eat the last piece of cake. ✓ He denied eating the last piece of cake.
deny feʼlidan keyin -ing shakli keladi.
✗ The teacher accused him in cheating. ✓ The teacher accused him of cheating.
accuse someone of — predlog of.
✗ My dad offered me to drive to school. ✓ My dad offered to drive me to school.
offer + to + feʼl; obʼyekt keyingi feʼldan keyin keladi.

Mini test

1. The coach advised us ___ more water during training. drink / to drink / drinking

Javob: to drink. advise + someone + to + feʼl.

2. Bekzod admitted ___ my pen. to take / take / taking

Javob: taking. admit feʼlidan keyin -ing keladi.

3. My friend suggested ___ to the new café. going / to go / us to go

Javob: going. suggest + -ing; suggest to go va suggest us to go xato.

4. She apologised ___ late for the lesson. to be / for being / of being

Javob: for being. apologise feʼlidan keyin for + -ing keladi.

5. He refused ___ his password with anyone. sharing / share / to share

Javob: to share. refuse + to + feʼl.

По-русски: Глаголы передачи речи

Чтобы передать чужие слова не через say и tell, а глаголом, который показывает цель говорящего.

В косвенной речи не обязательно всё время использовать say или tell. Reporting verbs точно показывают, что сделал человек: посоветовал (advised), отказался (refused), признал (admitted), отрицал (denied). Вместо Sardor said: «I didn't take your charger» короче: Sardor denied taking my charger.

Самое трудное — у каждого глагола своя модель, и её нужно учить вместе с глаголом. Одни берут to + инфинитив (agree, refuse, promise, offer), другие — дополнение + to (advise, tell, warn, remind, persuade), третьи — -ing (deny, admit, suggest, recommend), четвёртые — предлог + -ing (apologise for, insist on, accuse someone of).

Многие глаголы могут присоединять целое предложение с that: She admitted that she was wrong. The teacher suggested that we start revising early.

Сравнение с русским и узбекским

В русском многие такие глаголы управляют инфинитивом: «предложил (мне) пойти», «посоветовал выпить», «отказался помочь», «рекомендовал купить». Поэтому русскоязычные пишут suggested to go, suggested me to go и recommended to buy. В английском у каждого глагола своя модель: suggest, deny, admit — с -ing, offer, refuse — с to. Предлоги тоже не всегда совпадают: «извиниться за» = apologise for, «настаивать на» = insist on, но «обвинить в» = accuse of (не in). И русское «предложить» делится на offer (сделать самому) и suggest (идея).

Bogʻliq mavzular

Ingliz tilini Safiya bilan oʻrganing

Qisqa darslar, 12 ta oʻyin, hikoyalar va oʻzbek yoki rus tilida tushuntiradigan sunʼiy intellekt oʻqituvchisi — A1 dan IELTS gacha. Учите английский с Сафией — на узбекском или русском.

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