Oʻtmishdagi odatlar: would va used to

Oʻtmishda takrorlanib turgan, lekin endi boʻlmaydigan ishlar va holatlar haqida hikoya qilish uchun. B2

Bolaligimiz yoki oʻtgan hayotimiz haqida gapirganda, takrorlangan ishlarni used to + verb yoki would + verb bilan aytamiz: When I was little, we used to / would spend every summer in the village.

Farqi: used to ham harakatlar, ham holatlar uchun ishlatiladi: I used to have long hair, We used to live in Fergana. Would esa faqat takrorlanadigan harakatlar uchun: Grandma would tell us stories. Holat bildiruvchi feʼllar (have, live, be, like, know) bilan would ishlatilmaydi: «I would have long hair» deyilmaydi.

Bir marta boʻlgan ish yoki necha marta boʻlgani aytilsa, ikkalasi ham emas, Past Simple kerak: We went to Khiva three times. Hikoyada koʻpincha avval used to bilan boshlab, keyin would bilan davom ettiriladi — bu nutqqa jonli, xotira ohangini beradi.

Shakllar

Used to: odat va holat

used to + verb
didn't use to + verb
Did + subject + use to + verb?

I didn't use to like vegetables, but now I love them.

Would: faqat harakat

would ('d) + verb (actions only)

Every evening my grandfather would sit in the garden and read.

Past Simple: bir martalik

verb + -ed / V2 (one time, or how many times / how long)

We visited Khiva three times.

Qachon ishlatiladi

Used to — oʻzgargan odatlar va holatlar

My dad used to play football for his school team. — Dadam ilgari maktab jamoasida futbol oʻynardi.
There used to be a cinema here. — Bu yerda ilgari kinoteatr bor edi.

Would — takrorlangan harakatlar, xotiralar va hikoyalar

On Fridays my mum would make plov for the whole family. — Juma kunlari oyim butun oila uchun palov qilardi.
We would play outside until it got dark. — Qorongʻi tushguncha koʻchada oʻynardik.

Past Simple — bir martalik ish, necha marta yoki qancha vaqt

I lived in Tashkent for five years. — Toshkentda besh yil yashadim.
Last summer we went to the mountains. — Oʻtgan yozda togʻga bordik.

Oʻzbek tili bilan farqi

Oʻzbek tilida oʻtmishdagi odat bitta shakl bilan beriladi: -ardi / -ar edi: oʻynardim, borardik, yashardik. Inglizchada esa tanlov bor: holat va harakat uchun used to, faqat harakat uchun would. Shuning uchun «yashardik»ni «we would live» deb tarjima qilishadi — bu xato, kerak: we used to live. Yana bir xato — -ardi qoʻshimchasini Past Continuous bilan berish: «I was playing football every day» oʻrniga I used to play. «Ilgari» soʻzi koʻpincha used to iborasiga ishora qiladi.

Eslatmalar

Would soʻziga vaqt konteksti kerak, aks holda shart gap kabi tushuniladi: I would play tennis («oʻynagan boʻlardim»). Shuning uchun hikoya used to yoki When I was a child kabi ibora bilan boshlanadi.
Inkor va savolda use yoziladi, used emas: I didn't use to, Did you use to…?
Used to + verb tuzilmasini be / get used to + -ing (koʻnikmoq) bilan adashtirmang: I used to live here (ilgari yashardim) — I'm used to living here (bu yerda yashashga koʻnikkanman).
IELTS Speaking boʻlimida bolalik, sevimli mashgʻulotlar haqidagi savollarga used to va would aralash ishlatish grammatik boylikni koʻrsatadi.

Keng tarqalgan xatolar

✗ When I was a child, I would have a dog. ✓ When I was a child, I used to have a dog.
Have bu yerda holat — would emas, used to.
✗ I didn't used to like fish. ✓ I didn't use to like fish.
Did soʻzidan keyin use yoziladi.
✗ I used to go to Bukhara last summer. ✓ I went to Bukhara last summer.
Bir martalik ish — Past Simple.
✗ I was playing football every day when I was ten. ✓ I used to play football every day when I was ten.
Oʻtmishdagi odat uchun used to yoki would, Past Continuous emas.

Mini test

1. We ___ in a small flat before we moved here. would live / used to live / are used to live

Javob: used to live. Live — holat, would bilan ishlatilmaydi: used to live.

2. Every summer, my grandmother ___ us to the mountains. would take / would took / use to take

Javob: would take. Takrorlangan harakat: would + feʼlning oddiy shakli.

3. ___ you use to wear a uniform at your old school? Were / Would / Did

Javob: Did. Used to savoli: Did + subject + use to?

4. I ___ to the dentist twice last year. used to go / went / would go

Javob: went. Necha marta boʻlgani aytilgan — Past Simple.

5. My brother ___ really shy, but now he talks to everyone. would be / was being / used to be

Javob: used to be. Be — holat, endi oʻzgargan: used to be.

По-русски: Привычки в прошлом: would и used to

Чтобы рассказывать о том, что регулярно происходило в прошлом, а теперь уже нет.

Рассказывая о детстве или прошлой жизни, повторявшиеся действия передают через used to + глагол или would + глагол: When I was little, we used to / would spend every summer in the village.

Разница: used to подходит и для действий, и для состояний: I used to have long hair, We used to live in Fergana. Would — только для повторявшихся действий: Grandma would tell us stories. С глаголами состояния (have, live, be, like, know) would не употребляется: «I would have long hair» так не говорят.

Если действие было один раз или названо, сколько раз, нужен Past Simple: We went to Khiva three times. В рассказе часто начинают с used to, а продолжают с would — это придаёт речи живой оттенок воспоминания.

Сравнение с русским и узбекским

В русском прошлые привычки передаёт несовершенный вид: «играл», «ходил», «жил», часто со словами «раньше», «бывало». Поэтому русскоязычные либо говорят просто Past Simple, теряя оттенок «раньше, а теперь нет», либо ошибочно ставят Past Continuous: «I was playing every day». «Раньше я жил в Москве» = I used to live in Moscow. Would похоже на «бывало»: «бывало, бабушка рассказывала сказки» = Grandma would tell us stories, но с состояниями (жил, любил, был) would не работает.

Bogʻliq mavzular

Ingliz tilini Safiya bilan oʻrganing

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