Ot vazifasidagi ergash gaplar

Butun bir fikrni gapning egasi yoki toʻldiruvchisi qilib ishlatish uchun: What he said surprised me. C1

Noun clause — ot oʻrnida turadigan ergash gap. U oddiy ot kabi gapning egasi, toʻldiruvchisi yoki be feʼlidan keyingi qismi boʻla oladi: I know the answer → I know what the answer is.

Bunday gaplar uch xil soʻz bilan boshlanadi: that — fikr yoki fakt uchun (I think that…), wh-soʻzlar (what, where, why, how, who) — savol maʼnosidagi maʼlumot uchun (I don't know where she lives), whether / if — «ha yoki yoʻq» savollari uchun (I wonder whether it will rain).

Eng muhim qoida: noun clause ichida soʻz tartibi oddiy darak gapdagidek — ega + feʼl. Savol tartibi va do / does / did ishlatilmaydi: I don't know where she lives, «where does she live» emas.

Noun clause gap boshida ega boʻlsa, feʼl odatda birlikda keladi: What we need is more time. Uzun that-gapni boshga qoʻyish juda rasmiy eshitiladi, shuning uchun odatda it bilan boshlanadi: It is obvious that he was tired.

Shakllar

Ega sifatida

What / Whether / That + clause + verb …

What he said surprised everyone.

Toʻldiruvchi sifatida

verb + (that) + subject + verb
verb + wh-word / whether + subject + verb

Nobody knows why the meeting was cancelled.

be va otlardan keyin

subject + be + that / wh-clause
the fact / idea / news + that + clause

The problem is that we don't have enough time.

It bilan boshlanadi

It + be + adjective + that / wh-clause
It + doesn't matter / depends on + wh-clause

It is surprising that so few students applied.

Qachon ishlatiladi

that-gap: fikr, fakt yoki bilim (think, believe, realise, the fact that)

I realised that I had left my phone on the bus. — Telefonimni avtobusda qoldirib ketganimni tushundim.
The fact that she trained every day explains her success. — Uning har kuni mashq qilgani muvaffaqiyatini tushuntirib beradi.

wh-gap: savol maʼnosidagi maʼlumot gap ichida

I can't remember where I put my keys. — Kalitlarimni qayerga qoʻyganimni eslay olmayapman.
What surprised me most was how friendly everyone was. — Meni eng koʻp hayron qoldirgan narsa — hamma qanchalik samimiy ekani boʻldi.

whether / if: «ha yoki yoʻq» savoli gap ichida

The teacher asked whether we had finished the project. — Oʻqituvchi loyihani tugatgan-tugatmaganimizni soʻradi.
Whether the match goes ahead depends on the weather. — Oʻyin boʻlish-boʻlmasligi ob-havoga bogʻliq.

It + sifat + that: uzun egani gap oxiriga surish

It is clear that more research is needed. — Koʻproq tadqiqot kerakligi aniq.
It doesn't matter what other people think. — Boshqalar nima deb oʻylashi muhim emas.

Oʻzbek tili bilan farqi

Oʻzbek tilida bunday fikr odatda alohida gap emas, balki sifatdosh yoki harakat nomi bilan beriladi va feʼl oxirida turadi: «Uning nima deganini bilmayman», «Kelish-kelmasligini soʻradi». Ingliz tilida esa toʻliq gap kerak — ega + feʼl: I don't know what he said, He asked whether I was coming. Oʻzbekchada savol gap ham, darak gap ham bir xil tartibda tuziladi, shuning uchun oʻquvchilar inglizcha toʻgʻri savolni (What did he say?) oʻzgartirmasdan gap ichiga koʻchiradi: «I don't know what did he say» — bu xato.

Eslatmalar

Toʻldiruvchi boʻlgan that soʻzini ogʻzaki nutqda tushirib qoldirish mumkin: I think (that) you're right. Lekin gap boshida ega boʻlsa, that tushmaydi: That he resigned surprised everyone.
Faqat whether (if emas): gap boshida (Whether…), predlogdan keyin (It depends on whether…), to-infinitiv oldidan (I can't decide whether to go) va darhol or not bilan (whether or not).
IELTS Writing uchun foydali iboralar: What is often overlooked is…, It is widely accepted that…, The extent to which… remains unclear. Ular fikrni ixcham va rasmiy qiladi.

Keng tarqalgan xatolar

✗ I don't know where does she live. ✓ I don't know where she lives.
Noun clause ichida savol tartibi emas, darak gap tartibi: ega + feʼl.
✗ That what he said was true. ✓ What he said was true.
what allaqachon «… narsa» maʼnosini beradi (what he said = «u aytgan narsa»), oldidan that kerak emas.
✗ It depends on if we have enough money. ✓ It depends on whether we have enough money.
Predlogdan keyin faqat whether ishlatiladi.
✗ Is clear that we need more time. ✓ It is clear that we need more time.
Ingliz gapida ega boʻlishi shart, it olmoshini tushirib boʻlmaydi.

Mini test

1. Can you tell me where ___? is the station / the station is / does the station be

Javob: the station is. Noun clause ichida tartib: ega + feʼl — the station is.

2. ___ he said at the meeting surprised everyone. What / That what / Which

Javob: What. What he said = «u aytgan narsa», bu gapning egasi; that qoʻshilmaydi.

3. I can't decide ___ to apply for the course or not. if / whether / that

Javob: whether. To-infinitiv oldidan faqat whether keladi.

4. It is widely believed ___ regular exercise improves memory. what / whether / that

Javob: that. Fakt yoki fikr — that-gap: It is believed that…

5. The problem is ___ nobody told us about the change. that / what / because

Javob: that. be feʼlidan keyin fikrning oʻzi keladi — that-gap; «is because» bu yerda xato.

По-русски: Именные придаточные предложения

Чтобы сделать целую мысль подлежащим или дополнением: What he said surprised me.

Noun clause — придаточное предложение, которое стоит на месте существительного. Как обычное существительное, оно может быть подлежащим, дополнением или частью сказуемого после be: I know the answer → I know what the answer is.

Такие придаточные начинаются с трёх видов слов: that — для мысли или факта (I think that…), wh-слова (what, where, why, how, who) — для информации, похожей на вопрос (I don't know where she lives), whether / if — для вопросов «да или нет» (I wonder whether it will rain).

Главное правило: внутри noun clause порядок слов как в утвердительном предложении — подлежащее + сказуемое. Вопросительного порядка и do / does / did нет: I don't know where she lives, а не «where does she live».

Если noun clause стоит в начале как подлежащее, глагол обычно стоит в единственном числе: What we need is more time. Длинное придаточное с that в начале звучит очень официально, поэтому обычно начинают с it: It is obvious that he was tired.

Сравнение с русским и узбекским

В русском такие придаточные есть и строятся похоже: «Я не знаю, где она живёт», «То, что он сказал, всех удивило». Отличия: 1) после wh-слова в английском строго подлежащее + сказуемое, без do / does / did; 2) русское «ли» стоит после глагола, а whether — в начале придаточного: «Спросил, приду ли я» → asked whether I was coming; 3) «то, что» в начале передаётся одним what или the fact that, а не «that what»; 4) перед that и wh-словом запятая не ставится.

Bogʻliq mavzular

Ingliz tilini Safiya bilan oʻrganing

Qisqa darslar, 12 ta oʻyin, hikoyalar va oʻzbek yoki rus tilida tushuntiradigan sunʼiy intellekt oʻqituvchisi — A1 dan IELTS gacha. Учите английский с Сафией — на узбекском или русском.

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