Oʻtgan oddiy zamon: inkor va soʻroq gaplar

Oʻtmish haqida soʻrash yoki biror ish boʻlmaganini aytish uchun. A1

Past Simple zamonida savol va inkor uchun yordamchi feʼl did kerak. did hamma shaxslar uchun bir xil: I, you, he, she, we, they.

Inkor: ega + didn't + feʼl: I didn't go to school. Savol: Did + ega + feʼl?: Did you watch the match? Qisqa javob: Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.

Eng muhim qoida: zamonni did koʻrsatadi, shuning uchun feʼl oddiy (lugʻatdagi) shaklda boʻladi — -ed ham, went ham yoʻq: She didn't go, «didn't went» emas.

Soʻroq soʻzi gap boshida turadi: What did you do? Where did she go?

Shakllar

Inkor gap

subject + did not (didn't) + verb

I didn't finish my homework.

Ha / yoʻq savoli

Did + subject + verb?
Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.

Did you call your grandma?

Soʻroq soʻzli savol

Wh-word + did + subject + verb?

Where did you go on holiday?

Qachon ishlatiladi

Oʻtmish haqida ha / yoʻq savoli

Did you sleep well? — Yaxshi uxladingmi?
Did she win the match? — Yes, she did. — U oʻyinda yutdimi? — Ha, yutdi.

Biror ish boʻlmaganini aytish

We didn't go out because it was cold. — Sovuq boʻlgani uchun koʻchaga chiqmadik.
He didn't have breakfast this morning. — U bugun ertalab nonushta qilmadi.

Soʻroq soʻzi bilan savol: what, where, when, why, how

What did you do at the weekend? — Dam olish kunlari nima qilding?
When did you start school? — Maktabga qachon borgansan?
Why did you leave early? — Nega erta ketding?

Oʻzbek tili bilan farqi

Oʻzbekchada savol uchun feʼlga -mi qoʻshiladi («Bordingmi?»), inkor uchun -ma («Bormadim»), soʻz tartibi esa oʻzgarmaydi. Ingliz tilida feʼlning oʻziga hech narsa qoʻshilmaydi — buning oʻrniga did ishlatiladi: savolda u egadan oldinga chiqadi (Did you go?), inkorda feʼldan oldin turadi (I didn't go). Shuning uchun «You went to school?» yoki «I not went» kabi xatolar koʻp uchraydi. did soʻzidan keyin feʼl doim oddiy shaklda: go, «went» emas.

Eslatmalar

be feʼli bilan did ishlatilmaydi: Were you tired? I wasn't at home. «Did you be…» deyilmaydi.
who yoki what ega boʻlsa, did kerak emas: Who won the match? What happened?
Ogʻzaki nutqda didn't, rasmiy yozuvda did not ishlatiladi.

Keng tarqalgan xatolar

✗ I not went to the party. ✓ I didn't go to the party.
Inkor uchun didn't + feʼlning oddiy shakli kerak.
✗ Did you watched the film? ✓ Did you watch the film?
did soʻzidan keyin feʼl -ed olmaydi.
✗ Where you went yesterday? ✓ Where did you go yesterday?
Soʻroq soʻzidan keyin did + ega + feʼl.
✗ Did you be at home? ✓ Were you at home?
be feʼli bilan did ishlatilmaydi — was / were.

Mini test

1. ___ you see the match last night? Were / Did / Do

Javob: Did. Oʻtmishdagi feʼl (see) bilan savol did bilan tuziladi.

2. She didn't ___ her phone to school. take / took / takes

Javob: take. didn't soʻzidan keyin feʼlning oddiy shakli.

3. Where ___ you go last Saturday? was / were / did

Javob: did. go — oddiy feʼl, shuning uchun did; was / were faqat be uchun.

4. Did you like the film? — Yes, I ___. did / do / was

Javob: did. Qisqa javob savoldagi yordamchi feʼl bilan: Yes, I did.

5. We ___ to the park yesterday because it rained. didn't went / didn't go / not went

Javob: didn't go. Inkor: didn't + feʼlning oddiy shakli.

По-русски: Прошедшее простое время: вопросы и отрицания

Чтобы спросить о прошлом или сказать, что чего-то не было.

В Past Simple для вопроса и отрицания нужен вспомогательный глагол did. Он одинаковый для всех лиц: I, you, he, she, we, they.

Отрицание: подлежащее + didn't + глагол: I didn't go to school. Вопрос: Did + подлежащее + глагол?: Did you watch the match? Краткий ответ: Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.

Главное правило: время показывает did, поэтому глагол стоит в начальной (словарной) форме — без -ed и без went: She didn't go, а не «didn't went».

Вопросительное слово стоит в начале: What did you do? Where did she go?

Сравнение с русским и узбекским

В русском вопрос задаётся интонацией, порядок слов не меняется: «Ты ходил в школу?». В английском перед подлежащим нужен вспомогательный глагол did: Did you go to school? Отрицание в русском — просто частица «не»: «Я не ходил». В английском одной частицы мало: нужно didn't + глагол: I didn't go, а не «I not went». После did глагол возвращается в начальную форму: прошедшее время уже показано один раз, второй раз его не отмечают.

Bogʻliq mavzular

Ingliz tilini Safiya bilan oʻrganing

Qisqa darslar, 12 ta oʻyin, hikoyalar va oʻzbek yoki rus tilida tushuntiradigan sunʼiy intellekt oʻqituvchisi — A1 dan IELTS gacha. Учите английский с Сафией — на узбекском или русском.

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